The UAE’s newly introduced family law, set to take effect in April 2025, marks a significant step in modernizing legal frameworks to better protect children and families. The legislation introduces sweeping reforms to child custody arrangements, financial support, and educational guardianship, reflecting the country's commitment to fostering family welfare.

Extension of Child Custody Age

Under the new law, custody age for both boys and girls has been extended to 18, ensuring a stronger focus on the well-being and independence of children.

• Children aged 15 can choose which parent to live with, subject to court approval for their best interests.

• For children with severe medical or psychological conditions, mothers retain custody unless the court determines otherwise.

Progressive Rights for Non-Muslim Mothers

Meta’s recent decision to terminate its fact-checking program in the United States has raised alarms among researchers and legal experts. This move, announced by CEO Mark Zuckerberg, marks a significant departure from the tech giant’s earlier content moderation strategies. The decision comes amid heightened concerns about the spread of disinformation and its impact on public trust and democratic processes.

Legal Concerns Surrounding Fact-Checking Termination

The cessation of fact-checking by Meta introduces potential legal risks. Content moderation policies have been central to discussions around platform liability under Section 230 of the Communications Decency Act (CDA). By ending fact-checking, Meta’s reliance on user-generated tools like "Community Notes" may expose it to increased scrutiny under existing laws governing misinformation.

• Platform Accountability: With the absence of structured fact-checking, there is a heightened risk that platforms like Facebook and Instagram could become conduits for harmful misinformation, leading to potential legal challenges around negligence or failure to prevent harm.

• Defamation Risks: Without rigorous fact-checking mechanisms, Meta may face lawsuits from individuals or organizations claiming reputational damage from unchecked false narratives.

Impact on Content Moderation and Free Speech

Meta’s shift to a user-driven approach for moderation, similar to the crowd-sourced tools used by other platforms, raises questions about the effectiveness of such mechanisms in filtering disinformation. While the move aligns with broader claims of promoting free speech, the absence of robust safeguards could allow false content to flourish unchecked.

Legal experts caution that balancing free speech with the responsibility to curb harmful content is critical, as failure to do so could undermine public safety and democratic discourse.

Financial and Operational Fallout

The termination of the fact-checking program will significantly impact third-party organizations that partnered with Meta. Many of these entities relied on funding through the program, and its discontinuation may weaken global efforts to counter disinformation.

• Economic Repercussions: Fact-checking organizations, particularly those in the United States, now face reduced funding, potentially limiting their ability to operate effectively.

• Global Ripple Effect: Since Meta collaborates with fact-checkers in over 80 organizations globally, the US decision may influence the program's future in other regions.

Broader Social Implications

The reliance on user-generated moderation tools may have unintended consequences. Research has shown that crowd-sourced moderation systems are often influenced by partisan biases, potentially exacerbating polarization in an already divided society.

Furthermore, this policy shift may diminish user trust in Meta’s platforms, as individuals seeking accurate information could find themselves navigating an environment rife with unverified claims.

Legal and Ethical Responsibility

Meta’s decision to end fact-checking has sparked discussions about the ethical responsibilities of tech companies. The absence of structured moderation could lead to increased pressure from regulatory bodies to implement more transparent and accountable practices.

While this move may align with Meta’s strategic priorities under a new political climate, it underscores the growing tension between platform autonomy and societal responsibility. The legal and social challenges arising from this decision will likely shape the future of content moderation in the tech industry.

The UAE offers extensive public Wi-Fi options across cities like Dubai, Abu Dhabi, Sharjah, and Ras Al Khaimah. From public transport to malls and parks, staying connected is easy and convenient. Here’s a comprehensive guide to accessing free Wi-Fi and staying safe online.

Safe Browsing Tips for Public Wi-Fi

While free Wi-Fi is convenient, it’s essential to follow these safety tips to protect your personal information:

• Avoid Sharing Sensitive Information: Avoid entering passwords, credit card details, or other sensitive information while connected to public Wi-Fi.

• Use a VPN: A Virtual Private Network encrypts your connection, adding an extra layer of security.

• Verify the Network: Ensure you connect to official networks provided by venues or service providers to avoid fake Wi-Fi scams.

Free Wi-Fi on Public Transport

Dubai

The Roads and Transport Authority (RTA) offers free Wi-Fi across multiple public bus stations, making commuting more convenient. Key locations include:

• Al Satwa Station

• Union Station

• Al Ghubaiba Station

• Gold Souq Station

Additionally, free Wi-Fi is available at:

• Mall of the Emirates Station

• Ibn Battuta Station

• International City Station

• City Centre Deira Station

• Al Qusais Station

• Al Jafiliya Station

The service also extends to Dubai Metro, air-conditioned bus stops, public taxis, ferries, and water buses.

Abu Dhabi

In Abu Dhabi, free Wi-Fi is available on public buses and at parks and beaches, ensuring seamless connectivity for residents and visitors.

Sharjah

The Sharjah Roads and Transport Authority (SRTA) provides free Wi-Fi on intercity bus routes and at bus stations, with no account creation or personal details required.

Ras Al Khaimah

Ras Al Khaimah Transport Authority (RAKTA) offers free Wi-Fi on intercity bus routes and services to Musandam, Oman, for up to one hour per session.

Free Wi-Fi in Parks and Public Spaces

Abu Dhabi offers complimentary Wi-Fi in 19 parks across the city, 11 parks in Al Ain, and 14 parks in the Al Dhafra Region. Dubai also provides Wi-Fi in several public parks and beaches, enhancing outdoor experiences for visitors.

Shopping Malls, Cafés, and Airports

Most malls in the UAE provide free Wi-Fi to visitors. To connect, users may need to fill out a registration form with details such as their mobile number, full name, and email address.

Cafés and restaurants typically offer password-protected networks accessible to customers upon request.

Major airports, including Abu Dhabi International Airport (AUH), Dubai International Airport (DXB), and Sharjah International Airport, provide free Wi-Fi for passengers.

WiFi UAE: Connecting the Nation

WiFi UAE, powered by telecom operator du, offers free internet access in public spaces across the country, including malls, metro stations, and bus stops. Users can access:

• Free Wi-Fi: Each session lasts for one hour, with a sponsored advertisement before the next session.

• Premium Wi-Fi: For higher speeds and extended browsing time, users can opt for paid plans.

To connect:

1. Search for @WiFi UAE in your device’s Wi-Fi settings.

2. Choose between "Free Wi-Fi" or "Premium Wi-Fi."

3. Enter your name, nationality, and mobile number.

4. Verify using the One-Time Password (OTP) sent via SMS.

Stay Connected Responsibly

The UAE’s commitment to digital connectivity ensures free Wi-Fi access across a wide range of public spaces, enhancing convenience for residents and visitors alike. By following safety guidelines and exploring the various services, users can enjoy seamless internet access throughout the country.

Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau announced his resignation as leader of the ruling Liberal Party after nine years in office, stating he will remain in his role until a new leader is chosen. The announcement comes amid growing dissatisfaction among Liberal lawmakers and declining public support.

At a news conference, Trudeau emphasized the importance of offering Canadians a "real choice" in the next election. He acknowledged internal challenges within his party that hindered his effectiveness as a leader.

Trudeau's popularity has waned in recent years due to rising living costs and a national housing shortage. Polls suggest the Liberals are poised to lose significantly to the opposition Conservatives, led by Pierre Poilievre, in the upcoming election, mandated to occur by October 2025.

The resignation follows a tumultuous period, including the departure of Finance Minister Chrystia Freeland, who publicly criticized Trudeau's leadership style. Trudeau plans to remain prime minister until March 24, when parliament resumes, allowing time for the Liberals to select a new leader.

This marks the end of a significant political era, as Trudeau, one of Canada's longest-serving leaders, first took office in 2015 and led the Liberals to three consecutive electoral victories.

Ken Kies, a prominent Republican tax lobbyist, has been appointed assistant secretary for tax policy. Known for his extensive work with major corporations like Microsoft and financial services groups, Kies will spearhead tax reform efforts central to Trump’s 2025 agenda.

Samantha Schwab Takes Deputy Chief of Staff Role

Samantha Schwab, granddaughter of billionaire Charles Schwab, will serve as deputy chief of staff under Daniel Katz, the incoming chief of staff. Katz, a seasoned policy expert, returns to the Treasury after serving during Trump’s first term. Schwab brings prior experience from the Office of Legislative Affairs in the Trump administration.

Additional Treasury Team Appointments

• Cora Alvi: Deputy Chief of Staff and former national deputy finance director for Trump’s campaign.

• Alexandra Preate: Senior Counselor to the Treasury Secretary.

• Hunter McMaster: Director of Policy Planning and nephew of South Carolina Governor Henry McMaster.

Tax Cuts Take Center Stage

With key 2017 tax cuts set to expire, Republicans face a year-end deadline to prevent increases for households and small businesses. Trump has pledged further tax reforms, including corporate tax reductions and eliminating taxes on tips, overtime, and Social Security payments, though these measures could escalate the federal deficit.

These appointments underscore the administration’s commitment to prioritizing tax policy and economic growth in its upcoming term.

A Tesla Cybertruck explosion outside the entrance of the Trump International Hotel in Las Vegas has left one person dead and seven others injured, authorities confirmed on Wednesday.

Sequence of Events

Explosion at hotel entrance captured on video

The electric truck arrived at the hotel's glass entrance before a massive explosion occurred, followed by smaller blasts resembling fireworks. Video footage shows the stainless steel vehicle bursting into flames.

Las Vegas Sheriff Kevin McMahill stated, "One deceased individual was found inside the Cybertruck," while seven others sustained minor injuries.

Tesla and Federal Response

Elon Musk and federal agencies involved

Tesla CEO Elon Musk commented on the incident via X, saying, "The whole Tesla senior team is investigating this matter right now. We've never seen anything like this." Musk, a supporter of President-elect Donald Trump, promised updates as the investigation unfolds.

President Joe Biden was briefed on the explosion and has directed federal agencies to provide assistance as needed.

Potential Links to Other Incidents

Precautionary measures in Las Vegas

Sheriff McMahill referenced a separate truck-ramming attack in New Orleans earlier the same day, which claimed 15 lives. While no direct connection between the two events has been established, McMahill assured residents that precautions are being taken to ensure community safety.

Impact
The explosion, occurring on New Year’s Day, has raised concerns about public safety and vehicle security. Investigations continue as authorities and Tesla aim to uncover the cause of the blast.

South Korea's acting President, Choi Sang-mok, has ordered a comprehensive safety inspection of the nation's airline operations after a tragic plane crash on December 29, 2024, claimed 179 lives. The seven-day national mourning period was declared as the country grapples with one of its worst aviation disasters.

Incident Overview

A Jeju Air passenger plane, a 15-year-old Boeing 737-800, burst into flames after skidding off the runway at Muan International Airport. The crash occurred at 9:03 a.m. when the aircraft’s front landing gear failed to deploy, causing it to slam into a concrete fence. The plane, carrying 181 people, had arrived from Bangkok, Thailand.

Emergency responders extinguished the fire and rescued two individuals—a passenger and a crew member. Tragically, 179 fatalities have been confirmed, including two Thai nationals, according to Thailand's Foreign Ministry.

Rescue and Recovery Efforts

Authorities deployed significant resources to manage the disaster:

• Firefighting Units: 32 fire trucks and multiple helicopters worked to contain the blaze.

• Personnel: Around 1,570 firefighters, police officers, soldiers, and officials participated in rescue operations.

• Black Boxes: Both the flight data recorder and cockpit voice recorder were recovered, aiding the investigation.

Of the 177 bodies retrieved, 88 have been identified so far. The majority of passengers were South Korean nationals, with two Thai nationals confirmed among the victims.

Government Response

In response to the disaster, acting President Choi Sang-mok emphasized the need for an exhaustive review of airline safety systems. Recovery efforts remain the priority, but a nationwide safety inspection will follow.

Historical Context

This is one of the deadliest aviation accidents in South Korea's history. The last large-scale disaster occurred in 1997, when a Korean Airlines plane crashed in Guam, killing 228 people.

The government and officials continue to coordinate recovery operations, ensuring transparency and accountability as investigations progress.

The United States may face its debt ceiling as early as mid-January, Treasury Secretary Janet Yellen warned on Friday, urging Congress to take swift action to safeguard the nation’s financial stability.

The debt ceiling, a cap on government borrowing to pay for existing obligations, has been suspended until January 1, 2025. On January 2, a new limit will automatically take effect, equal to the total debt issued by the Treasury Department at that time.

Treasury projections indicate that the country’s debt will decrease by approximately $54 billion on January 2, primarily due to the scheduled redemption of nonmarketable securities linked to Medicare payments. However, Yellen cautioned that the Treasury could hit the new limit between January 14 and January 23, at which point extraordinary measures would need to be implemented to prevent a government default.

“These measures will allow the Treasury to continue financing government operations temporarily, but Congress must act to protect the full faith and credit of the United States,” Yellen wrote in a letter to Republican House Speaker Mike Johnson and other lawmakers.

Raising the debt ceiling has historically been a contentious political issue, with conservatives opposing increases to the country’s current $36.2 trillion borrowing level. Multiple Republican lawmakers have resisted voting for previous hikes, complicating efforts to resolve the issue.

Failure to raise or suspend the debt ceiling before the Treasury’s options are exhausted could lead to a default on government obligations, triggering severe economic consequences for the United States and the global economy.

Congress has raised or suspended the debt ceiling over 100 times in the past, enabling the government to meet its spending commitments. The upcoming debate will test lawmakers' ability to navigate a politically charged issue that has profound implications for the world’s largest economy.

Luigi Mangione, accused of fatally shooting UnitedHealthcare CEO Brian Thompson, pleaded not guilty to murder and terrorism charges during his court appearance in Manhattan on Monday. The 26-year-old is facing both state and federal charges for the December 4th killing, which authorities describe as a premeditated and targeted act.

Mangione appeared shackled in court as he entered his plea, with prosecutors charging him with multiple counts of murder, including murder as an act of terrorism. If convicted on state charges, Mangione faces life in prison without parole, while federal charges could result in the death penalty.

Dual Legal Proceedings

Both state and federal cases will proceed simultaneously, with the state trial expected to take place first. The charges stem from what authorities describe as a "well-planned" attack meant to evoke terror.

Mangione was arrested five days after the incident at a McDonald’s in Pennsylvania. Authorities recovered a weapon matching the one used in the shooting and a notebook containing anti-healthcare industry sentiments.

Concerns About a Fair Trial

Defense attorney Karen Friedman Agnifilo argued that public statements by officials, including New York City Mayor Eric Adams, could influence the jury pool and undermine Mangione’s right to a fair trial. She criticized the coordination between state and federal prosecutors, describing it as confusing and unusual.

Details of the Case

The shooting occurred as Thompson was walking to an investor conference in Midtown Manhattan. Mangione allegedly targeted the executive due to grievances against the health insurance industry. Police say Mangione’s writings revealed hostility toward wealthy executives, though he was not a UnitedHealthcare client.

Following his extradition to New York, Mangione was held in a federal detention center in Brooklyn, alongside other high-profile detainees. The attack has sparked discussions about public frustrations with the U.S. healthcare system, with some viewing Mangione as a representation of broader resentment toward insurers.

Victim’s Legacy

Brian Thompson, who worked for UnitedHealth Group for 20 years, was a respected executive and a devoted family man. His death has sent shockwaves through the corporate world, with reports of increased threats against other executives in the wake of the tragedy.

This case continues to unfold, with both legal teams preparing for what is expected to be a closely watched trial.

Luigi Mangione Case Sheds Light on America’s Health Care Crisis

The shocking murder of American insurance CEO Brian Thompson has captured global attention, exposing deep frustrations with the U.S. health care system. The incident, marked by its audacity and aftermath, reflects growing public discontent and declining trust in institutions.

The Crime

Brian Thompson, a high-profile executive in the insurance industry, was fatally shot in Manhattan in a brazen attack. The suspect, 26-year-old Luigi Mangione, allegedly carried out the murder at point-blank range in a bustling area of the city. The boldness of the act stunned onlookers, setting off an intense manhunt. Mangione was ultimately apprehended at a McDonald’s in Pennsylvania, days after the crime.

Background of the Case

Initial investigations have linked Mangione’s actions to his frustrations with the U.S. health care system, which he believed had failed his family. Reports suggest Mangione’s mother faced insurmountable medical bills following a life-threatening illness, despite being insured. This financial strain reportedly drove Mangione to the breaking point, culminating in the tragic incident.

The case has brought America’s health care inequalities into sharp focus. With rising premiums, high out-of-pocket expenses, and limited coverage for essential treatments, millions of Americans face similar challenges.

Public Reaction

The murder has ignited outrage and debate. While Brian Thompson’s death is widely condemned, many see Mangione as a symbol of frustration with a broken system. Social media platforms and news outlets are flooded with discussions about the health care industry’s role in exacerbating economic hardship.

This incident underscores the urgent need for systemic reforms to address the gaps in America’s health care system and restore public confidence in its institutions. As the case unfolds, it continues to serve as a grim reminder of the human toll of a system in crisis.

Apply for a New UAE Visa Online in Four Simple Steps

If you need to apply for a UAE visa for a family member or friend, the process can be completed entirely online. The Federal Authority for Identity, Citizenship, Customs, and Port Security (ICP) has outlined a streamlined approach to obtaining an entry permit, valid for 30, 60, or 90 days.

Here’s a step-by-step guide to applying for a UAE visa:

Step 1: Access the UAEICP Platform

The Oxford word of the year, “Brain Rot,” reflects a growing global concern about the deteriorating intellectual and mental health caused by the overconsumption of trivial online content. Defined as "the supposed deterioration of a person’s mental or intellectual state, especially due to overexposure to trivial online material," the term encapsulates the challenges of the digital age. From a legal perspective, this phenomenon raises critical questions about social media regulation, content moderation, and user protections across jurisdictions.

The Legal Implications of Social Media Overuse

As social media platforms play an increasingly central role in our lives, governments worldwide are grappling with how to regulate these platforms without stifling innovation or infringing on free speech. The concept of "Brain Rot" underscores the urgency of addressing the unchecked spread of trivial and harmful content online, which can lead to significant societal and individual repercussions.

Key legal and regulatory challenges include:

1. Content Moderation and Liability:
   Social media platforms often rely on algorithms to prioritize engagement over meaningful content, amplifying trivial or harmful material.

   • In the United States, Section 230 of the Communications Decency Act provides platforms immunity from liability for user-generated content but has faced criticism for allowing the spread of harmful material.

   • The European Union’s Digital Services Act (DSA), by contrast, imposes stricter accountability, requiring platforms to remove illegal content and assess the systemic risks of their algorithms.

      

2. Protection of Vulnerable Users:
   Children and adolescents are particularly susceptible to the effects of "Brain Rot," as trivial or harmful content can impair cognitive development and mental health.

   • The UK’s Online Safety Bill aims to hold platforms accountable for protecting underage users by enforcing age verification and restricting access to harmful content.

   • In Australia, the Online Safety Act empowers the eSafety Commissioner to mandate the removal of harmful material, particularly targeting content affecting minors.

      

3. Data Privacy and Manipulation:
   The overconsumption of trivial content is often fueled by targeted algorithms that exploit user data to maximize engagement.

   • The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) in the EU enforces strict controls over data collection and user profiling, offering users greater transparency and control.

   • Similar measures are emerging globally, such as India’s Digital Personal Data Protection Act, which aims to curb the misuse of personal data for manipulative content delivery.

      

4. Mental Health and Legal Accountability:
   The rise of digital overconsumption has led to increased mental health issues, including anxiety, depression, and cognitive decline. While legal accountability remains limited, some jurisdictions are taking action:

   • In France, the government has introduced laws requiring platforms to warn users about the dangers of excessive screen time.

   • In South Korea, the government promotes “digital detox” campaigns and provides mental health resources for those affected by excessive online usage.

      

International Efforts to Combat "Brain Rot"

Addressing the global impact of digital overconsumption requires international collaboration. Initiatives such as the UNESCO Guidelines on Regulating Digital Platforms aim to harmonize efforts to combat misinformation, promote digital literacy, and foster a healthier online environment.

Furthermore, the G20 Digital Economy Working Group has emphasized the need for ethical AI usage and algorithmic transparency to mitigate the harmful effects of trivial or manipulative content.

Balancing Freedom of Expression and Regulation

A major challenge in addressing "Brain Rot" is balancing the right to free expression with the need for content regulation. Overregulation could suppress creativity and legitimate discourse, while under regulation risks allowing harmful content to proliferate unchecked.

• The First Amendment in the U.S. protects free speech but limits the government’s ability to regulate content, creating a reliance on platform self-regulation.

• Conversely, Germany’s Network Enforcement Act (NetzDG) mandates swift action against illegal content, demonstrating a more proactive approach.

   

Conclusion

The rise of "Brain Rot" is a wake-up call for governments, social media platforms, and society at large. While legal frameworks around the world are evolving to address the challenges of digital overconsumption, more cohesive and comprehensive strategies are needed to protect users from the intellectual and mental decline associated with trivial online content.

Regulations must focus on promoting algorithmic transparency, protecting vulnerable users, and fostering digital literacy, all while respecting fundamental freedoms. By tackling these challenges, the global community can ensure that the digital age enriches rather than diminishes our collective intellect and well-being.

Honda and Nissan to Begin Merger Talks: A Legal Perspective

Japanese automotive leaders Honda Motor and Nissan Motor are reportedly entering negotiations for a potential merger, according to an exclusive report by Nikkei. The move aims to create a single holding company to boost competitiveness against industry frontrunners like Tesla and BYD in the electric vehicle (EV) market. Mitsubishi Motors, in which Nissan holds a significant stake, may also be brought into the entity, potentially forming one of the world's largest automotive conglomerates.

Strategic Implications and Legal Considerations

The merger talks come after Honda and Nissan deepened ties in March, agreeing to explore strategic collaborations in EVs and related sectors. However, transitioning from strategic partners to a unified entity under a holding company brings significant legal complexities.

Key legal considerations for the merger include:

In a significant development, whistleblowers from OpenAI have filed a formal complaint with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), alleging that the AI company employs restrictive non-disclosure agreements (NDAs) that could suppress employees' rights and violate U.S. securities laws. The move comes amid growing concerns over transparency, ethical conduct, and whistleblower protections in the rapidly evolving artificial intelligence industry.

The Complaint

According to sources familiar with the case, the whistleblowers claim OpenAI’s NDAs are overly stringent and may discourage employees from reporting misconduct or raising concerns about corporate practices, including issues that could be of material interest to regulators, shareholders, and the public.

The complaint argues that OpenAI's agreements violate whistleblower protection rules under the Dodd-Frank Act and SEC guidelines. These regulations explicitly protect individuals who report potential wrongdoing, ensuring they are not subjected to retaliation or silencing through contractual obligations.

Legal experts suggest that if the allegations are substantiated, OpenAI could face scrutiny over whether it effectively obstructed the whistleblowing process, potentially undermining regulatory oversight.

OpenAI Under the Microscope

OpenAI, the prominent artificial intelligence research company known for pioneering tools such as GPT-4, ChatGPT, and other advanced models, has been at the center of multiple discussions regarding AI ethics, safety, and corporate governance. The whistleblowers allege that OpenAI’s NDAs limit former and current employees’ ability to disclose concerns about:

• Potential risks associated with AI technologies, including safety issues.

• Ethical concerns around AI development and deployment.

• Financial and operational transparency.

The SEC complaint argues that employees face severe consequences, such as legal action or financial penalties, for speaking out or sharing information with external parties, even when such disclosures pertain to regulatory concerns.

Legal Implications

Under the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, companies cannot enforce agreements that interfere with whistleblower protections. Section 21F of the Securities Exchange Act explicitly empowers employees to communicate directly with the SEC about potential violations, even if bound by non-disclosure or confidentiality agreements.

Attorney statements indicate that NDAs deemed too restrictive may violate Rule 21F-17, which prohibits companies from impeding whistleblowers' ability to report misconduct to the SEC. Companies found guilty of such practices can face fines, penalties, and reputational damage.

The Whistleblower Perspective

A whistleblower representative familiar with the complaint emphasized the need for accountability:

OpenAI has a responsibility to foster an environment of ethical transparency, especially given the impact of its AI technologies. Employees must feel free to report potential misconduct or ethical risks without fear of retaliation or legal repercussions. These NDAs may create a chilling effect, discouraging disclosures that are critical for public and investor interest."

The complaint underscores a broader concern about tech companies suppressing dissent and criticism through contractual agreements, particularly in industries with profound societal and economic impacts.

OpenAI’s Response

OpenAI has not yet issued a formal response to the allegations. However, the company has historically emphasized its commitment to ethical AI development and transparency. In previous instances, OpenAI leadership has acknowledged the importance of accountability in the AI sector, given its global implications.

The SEC, meanwhile, has been actively investigating the use of restrictive NDAs in corporate America. In recent years, companies in industries ranging from technology to finance have faced regulatory scrutiny for employing contracts that impede employees' ability to report concerns to authorities.

Growing Focus on Tech Industry Governance

WhatsApp is gearing up for the holiday season with exciting updates to enhance the user experience across both mobile and desktop platforms. The Meta-owned messaging platform, which handles over 2 billion calls daily, has introduced a range of features to improve audio and video calling, messaging, and desktop functionality.

What’s New on WhatsApp?

1. Selective Group Calling
   Users can now choose specific participants when starting a group call. This feature is ideal for coordinating surprise events or private discussions within a group.

2. Fun Video Call Effects
   Building on its earlier launch of night mode and video call effects, WhatsApp has added new effects, including puppy ears, karaoke microphones, and underwater themes, to make video calls more enjoyable and personal.

3.  Improved Video Quality
   Video quality for both one-on-one and group calls has been upgraded, offering higher-resolution visuals for a clearer and more reliable calling experience.

4.  Enhanced Desktop Calling Experience
   The desktop interface for calls has been revamped. Users can now:

            

   • Create call links.

   •  Start calls directly from the calls tab.

   • Dial numbers seamlessly.

Additional Features

• Voice Message Transcripts
  WhatsApp now allows users to convert voice messages into text for easier communication in noisy environments or while multitasking. This feature operates locally on the user’s device, ensuring privacy. To enable it, go to Settings > Chats > Voice Message Transcripts. It is rolling out globally in select languages, with more to be added.

• WhatsApp and Gemini AI Integration
  A new WhatsApp extension for Google’s Gemini AI assistant allows users to make calls or send messages directly via voice commands like “Call [Contact Name] on WhatsApp” or “Send a WhatsApp message to [Contact Name].”

• Revamped Typing Indicators
  A new Typing Indicators feature enhances chat engagement by displaying the "..." icon along with the profile picture of the person typing, making group chats easier to follow.

• Custom Lists for Chats
  The recently introduced Custom Lists feature lets users categorize chats under labels like Family, Work, or Neighborhood. These lists make it easier to organize and prioritize conversations. Lists can be created by tapping the “+” in the filter bar or by long-pressing existing chats.

Improving the WhatsApp Experience

These updates reflect WhatsApp’s commitment to delivering a smoother, more enjoyable, and reliable communication experience. From fun effects and better video quality to enhanced privacy and organizational tools, these features are designed to make your holiday season and beyond more connected and engaging.

The Abu Dhabi Judicial Department (ADJD) has issued a critical advisory to residents, cautioning against the dangers of storing private media on their smartphones. The advisory highlights the growing risk of cyber extortion and provides essential guidance to protect personal data from online threats.

Understanding the Risk

Smartphones have become an integral part of modern life, serving as hubs for communication, personal storage, and financial transactions. However, the ADJD warns that storing sensitive information—such as private photos, videos, or documents—on these devices can make users vulnerable to cybercriminals.

Cyber extortion typically involves hackers gaining unauthorized access to private data and threatening to expose it unless a ransom is paid. With the increasing sophistication of cyberattacks, even seemingly secure smartphones can be at risk.

Key Risks Highlighted

1.  Data Breaches: Storing private media on devices connected to the internet increases the risk of unauthorized access.
2. Phishing Attacks: Cybercriminals often use deceptive emails, messages, or apps to trick users into revealing personal information.
3. Malware: Downloading unverified apps or clicking on suspicious links can install malware that compromises data security.

Protective Measures Recommended by ADJD

To safeguard against cyber extortion, the ADJD has outlined a series of best practices for residents:

1.  Enable Strong Passwords and Two-Factor Authentication: Protect your devices and accounts with unique, complex passwords and additional security layers.
2. Avoid Storing Sensitive Media on Devices: Use encrypted external storage solutions or secure cloud services with robust privacy settings.
3. Regularly Update Software: Ensure your smartphone’s operating system and apps are up to date to protect against known vulnerabilities.
4. Be Cautious with Public Wi-Fi: Avoid accessing sensitive accounts or sharing private media when connected to public networks.
5. Verify Sources Before Downloading Apps or Clicking Links: Use only trusted platforms and avoid suspicious emails or messages.

Legal Protections and Reporting

The UAE has stringent cybercrime laws to protect residents from online threats. Victims of cyber extortion are encouraged to report incidents immediately to the authorities. Residents can contact the Abu Dhabi Judicial Department or use official reporting platforms such as the Ministry of Interior’s eCrime service to ensure prompt action against cybercriminals.

Creating Awareness

The ADJD emphasizes the importance of public awareness in combating cyber extortion. Residents should educate themselves and their families about the risks of storing private media and adopting safe online practices. Schools, workplaces, and community organizations can play a role by organizing cybersecurity workshops and campaigns.

A Call to Action

In today’s digital age, the convenience of smartphones comes with the responsibility to protect personal data. The ADJD’s advisory serves as a reminder that even minor lapses in digital hygiene can have significant consequences. By following the recommended measures and staying vigilant, residents can enjoy the benefits of technology without compromising their privacy and security.

For further details and assistance, residents can visit the Abu Dhabi Judicial Department's official website or contact their hotline for cybersecurity support.

Musician and producer Jay-Z, whose real name is Shawn Carter, has been accused in a civil lawsuit of raping a 13-year-old girl alongside hip-hop mogul Sean Combs, known as Diddy. The lawsuit, filed Sunday, claims the alleged incident occurred during an afterparty following the MTV Video Music Awards in September 2000.

The updated complaint, which previously identified Jay-Z as "Celebrity A," accuses both men of taking turns assaulting the girl while others present at the party did nothing to intervene. The complaint also alleges that Jay-Z had been involved in similar incidents with Combs in the past.

Jay-Z Denies Allegations, Calls Lawyer’s Actions Blackmail

Jay-Z has denied the allegations, claiming they are baseless and accusing the plaintiff’s lawyer, Tony Buzbee, of attempting blackmail through a demand letter. In a statement released via Roc Nation on X, Jay-Z stated:
"These allegations are so heinous in nature that I implore you to file a criminal complaint, not a civil one! Whomever would commit such a crime against a minor should be locked away."

Jay-Z also dismissed the claims as a tactic to provoke public scrutiny and force a settlement.

Diddy Faces Separate Criminal Charges

Diddy, who is 55, is facing separate federal criminal charges for sex trafficking and racketeering. Prosecutors allege that he coerced women into participating in drug-fueled sex parties using threats and violence. Diddy has pleaded not guilty, and his trial is scheduled for May 5, 2025.

Additionally, Diddy is the subject of over 100 civil suits, many of which are being spearheaded by attorney Tony Buzbee. These suits allege various forms of abuse and misconduct.

Legal Background

Civil Lawsuits vs. Criminal Cases

The allegations against Jay-Z are part of a civil suit, meaning the plaintiff is seeking financial compensation rather than criminal penalties. Civil cases require a lower burden of proof, relying on a "preponderance of evidence" rather than the "beyond a reasonable doubt" standard of criminal cases.

Jay-Z’s challenge to bring a criminal complaint underscores this distinction. Criminal charges would require significant evidence to warrant an indictment, while civil cases allow private individuals to pursue claims directly in court.

Statute of Limitations

Sexual assault cases often face limitations based on how much time has passed since the alleged incident. However, some jurisdictions have extended or removed these limits, particularly for cases involving minors or under new "look-back" laws that allow older claims to be revisited. The success of this lawsuit may depend on whether such provisions apply.

Pattern Evidence and Precedent

The allegations against Diddy in federal court could impact public perception of the case against Jay-Z. Courts often weigh the admissibility of pattern evidence carefully, ensuring that unrelated allegations do not prejudice individual cases. However, if credible evidence links the two to a broader pattern of misconduct, it could strengthen the plaintiff's case.

Legal Opinion

1.  Evidentiary Challenges:
   The success of the civil suit against Jay-Z will hinge on the availability of corroborating evidence, such as witness statements, communications, or other documentation. Without tangible proof, the case may rely heavily on the credibility of the plaintiff.
2. Strategic Use of Civil Claims:
   Civil suits are sometimes used as a precursor to criminal charges, as they provide a platform to gather evidence and test allegations in court. However, Jay-Z’s insistence on criminal charges suggests confidence in his defense and a belief that the allegations lack sufficient proof.
3. Impact on Reputation and Financial Settlements:
   High-profile defendants like Jay-Z and Diddy often face public scrutiny regardless of the case's outcome. Settling a civil case could mitigate reputational damage, but doing so might also be seen as an admission of liability. Jay-Z’s decision to fight the claims head-on suggests he is prioritizing clearing his name over financial considerations.
4. Broader Implications for Celebrity Misconduct Cases:
   The wave of allegations against high-profile figures underscores the growing willingness of survivors to seek justice through legal avenues. However, cases involving celebrities often raise questions about motivations, especially when financial settlements are pursued instead of criminal convictions.

Conclusion

This case exemplifies the complexity of handling high-profile allegations, balancing the pursuit of justice with the need for substantial evidence. As the legal process unfolds, the outcomes will likely have lasting implications for both the accused and broader conversations about accountability and abuse in the entertainment industry.

TikTok Faces Possible US Ban After Losing Court Appeal

TikTok is one step closer to being banned in the United States after losing a critical court appeal on Friday. The decision upholds a law requiring the popular video-sharing platform to separate from its Chinese parent company, ByteDance, by January 19, 2025.

This development intensifies tensions between the US and China, coming just as president-elect Donald Trump prepares to take office on January 20.

Supreme Court Appeal and Political Support

In response to the ruling, TikTok announced plans to appeal to the Supreme Court, hoping for a favorable outcome. “The Supreme Court has a strong history of protecting Americans' right to free speech, and we trust they will uphold these values in this significant case,” the company stated.

Unexpectedly, TikTok has found an ally in president-elect Trump, who has criticized the move to ban the app. Trump argues that a ban would primarily benefit Meta, Facebook’s parent company, which he accuses of suppressing conservative content. Trump himself was banned from Facebook following the January 6, 2021, Capitol riots.

National Security Concerns

The Biden administration and the US Justice Department allege that TikTok poses a national security threat by allowing the Chinese government access to sensitive user data and enabling the spread of propaganda. ByteDance and the Chinese government have strongly denied these claims.

The law, signed by President Joe Biden in April 2024, mandates that TikTok be removed from US app stores and web hosting services unless ByteDance sells the platform. While acknowledging TikTok's popularity among 170 million American users, a three-judge panel ruled that separating the platform from ByteDance was "essential to protect national security."

The judges dismissed the notion that the law violates free speech, stating it does not aim to suppress specific ideas or messages. They also concluded that alternatives to a ByteDance sale would not adequately address security risks.

Legal and Business Implications

US Attorney General Merrick Garland welcomed the decision, affirming the Justice Department’s commitment to protecting Americans' data from potential exploitation by authoritarian regimes.

This ruling marks a sharp contrast to Trump’s earlier stance. During his first term, he sought to ban TikTok over similar security concerns, but the effort was blocked by federal courts, which raised concerns about free speech implications.

Among Trump’s supporters in the recent election was Jeff Yass, a prominent Republican donor with investments in ByteDance, further complicating the political narrative.

TikTok’s Growing Presence and Uncertain Future

Despite legal challenges, TikTok continues to grow in the US. The platform recently reported $100 million in Black Friday sales for its new shopping feature and is projected to generate $15.5 billion in US ad revenue next year, capturing 4.5% of the digital ad market.

However, a ban would dramatically alter the social media landscape, benefiting competitors like Meta, YouTube, and Snap while disrupting creators and businesses that rely on TikTok for income.

Legal experts are divided on the case's future. Gautam Hans of Cornell Law School expressed skepticism that the Supreme Court would intervene, citing the unanimous ruling and the tight timeline before the law takes effect. Conversely, Carl Tobias of the University of Richmond believes the court may take up the case, given the significant implications for national security and free speech.

Conclusion

As the January 19 deadline approaches, TikTok’s future in the US hangs in the balance. Whether the Supreme Court intervenes or not, the outcome of this case will have far-reaching consequences for social media, free speech, and US-China relations.

A guitar brand endorsed by US president-elect Donald Trump has found itself at the center of a trademark dispute with legendary guitar maker Gibson. Trump Guitars, which markets itself as having “the ONLY guitar endorsed” by Trump, has received a cease-and-desist letter from Gibson, accusing the company of copying its iconic Les Paul design, according to US media reports.

The Dispute

Gibson, whose guitars have been iconic instruments for musicians like Bob Dylan and Chuck Berry, claims Trump Guitars infringes on its exclusive trademarks, particularly the distinctive Les Paul body shape. The letter was sent to 16 Creative, the owner of Trump Guitars.

Despite the allegations, the Trump Guitars website prominently displays a photo of Trump holding a guitar and offers various models, including the sold-out Trump-autographed American Eagle electric guitar, which was priced at $11,500.

The company also advertises a "Presidential Series" available in red, gold, or black, featuring the inscription "DONALD J. TRUMP" on the fretboard. However, the site includes a disclaimer that images may not accurately represent the final product and explicitly states that Trump Guitars is not affiliated with Gibson Brands Inc.

Manufacturing and Tariff Questions

Trump Guitars notes that its products are manufactured by multiple providers using both domestic and international parts. This raises questions about whether the guitars would be impacted by the proposed 25% tariff Trump plans to impose on imports from countries like Mexico and Canada.

Trump's Branding Legacy

The guitar line is part of a broader trend of Trump-endorsed merchandise. Over the years, the businessman-turned-politician has lent his name to an eclectic mix of products, including $100,000 watches, gold sneakers, signed Bibles, and even digital trading cards.

With the trademark dispute gaining media attention, the controversy surrounding Trump Guitars adds yet another layer of intrigue to the already high-profile world of Trump-branded goods. Whether the company will comply with Gibson's demands or face legal action remains to be seen.

In a historic ruling, the United States Supreme Court on Monday affirmed that former President Donald J. Trump is entitled to absolute immunity from criminal prosecution for actions undertaken within the scope of his constitutional authority during his presidency. The decision, seen as a defining moment in the interpretation of presidential powers, reinforces the principle that the executive branch requires broad protection to perform its duties without fear of legal retaliation.

The Ruling

In a 6-3 decision, the Supreme Court emphasized that actions taken by a sitting president within their constitutional authority cannot be subject to criminal prosecution, even after their term ends. Writing for the majority, Chief Justice John Roberts stated that the Constitution grants the president broad discretion to perform duties that are integral to the functioning of the executive branch. According to the Court, prosecuting a former president for such acts would undermine the separation of powers and expose the presidency to politically motivated legal challenges.

The ruling clarified that immunity applies strictly to actions taken within the constitutional authority of the presidency. Acts that fall outside this scope, such as purely private conduct or criminal behavior unrelated to official duties, remain prosecutable under the law.

The Case

The decision stemmed from investigations into actions taken by Trump during his presidency, including allegations that he obstructed justice and interfered with the functioning of federal agencies. Lower courts had been divided on whether these actions, if proven, constituted criminal conduct or fell under the president's protected executive powers.

Trump’s legal team argued that the former president's actions were within his constitutional authority, including decisions related to national security, law enforcement, and the administration of justice. They maintained that allowing prosecution for such actions would set a dangerous precedent, deterring future presidents from making decisions without fear of legal consequences.

The Supreme Court’s ruling aligns with past precedents that have granted presidents broad immunity for official acts. However, the Court noted that this immunity is not absolute in all contexts. Civil suits or congressional oversight may still address misconduct, ensuring accountability through non-criminal mechanisms.

Dissenting Opinions

The three dissenting justices argued that the decision could erode accountability for presidential actions. Justice Sonia Sotomayor, writing for the minority, expressed concern that the ruling might encourage abuse of power by shielding presidents from legal consequences for misconduct disguised as official duties.

“While the presidency requires certain protections, the principle of accountability must not be sacrificed at the altar of immunity,” Sotomayor wrote. The dissent warned that unchecked immunity risks undermining public trust in the rule of law.

Implications

The ruling has sparked a national debate about the balance between presidential immunity and accountability. Supporters of the decision argue that it strengthens the presidency by safeguarding the executive branch from politically motivated prosecutions. Critics, however, fear it could create a dangerous precedent, allowing presidents to act with impunity during their tenure.

Legal experts suggest that the decision may shape how future administrations approach controversial actions and could lead to legislative efforts to redefine the limits of presidential immunity. Meanwhile, Trump and his allies hailed the ruling as a victory for the Constitution, claiming it validates the former president’s decisions while in office.

Broader Context

The Supreme Court's decision is the latest development in a series of legal battles surrounding Trump’s post-presidency. It highlights the ongoing challenges of balancing presidential authority with mechanisms to ensure accountability in a polarized political environment.

As the dust settles, the decision underscores the enduring complexities of constitutional law and the evolving interpretation of executive powers in the United States. Whether it will strengthen the office of the presidency or raise new questions about its limitations remains a topic of intense public and legal scrutiny.

The U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) has launched major antitrust lawsuits against tech giants Google and Apple, signaling a historic effort to address concerns over monopolistic practices and market dominance. These legal actions could reshape the tech industry, much like the breakup of AT&T’s telecommunications monopoly in 1984.

The Echoes of AT&T

In the 1980s, the U.S. government successfully dismantled AT&T’s monopoly over the telecommunications sector, opening the door for increased competition and innovation. The current cases against Google and Apple draw clear parallels to this precedent, as both companies face scrutiny for their overwhelming influence in their respective markets.

Google Under Fire

An arrest warrant has been issued in the United States for Gautam Adani, the chairman of the Adani Group, and his nephew Sagar Adani. This development follows a grand jury indictment in New York on charges of bribery involving $265 million (approximately ₹2,029 crore). The case, alleging corruption to secure solar energy contracts, has sent shockwaves across global markets and political circles.

Understanding the Indictment

In the U.S. legal system, an indictment is a formal written accusation issued against a party charged with a crime. This process begins with law enforcement investigating an alleged offense and submitting evidence to a public prosecutor. If the prosecutor believes a felony (a serious crime) has been committed, they may present the case to a grand jury.

According to Black’s Law Dictionary, an indictment is “a formal written accusation” that initiates a criminal trial process if approved by a grand jury. This legal mechanism is crucial to ensure that charges have merit before proceeding to trial.

The Role of a Grand Jury

A grand jury is a body of citizens randomly selected from within the jurisdiction of the court. It comprises up to 23 members, with at least 16 jurors required to hear evidence and a minimum of 12 agreeing to issue an indictment. Unlike trial juries, which determine guilt or innocence, grand juries assess whether the evidence warrants a trial.

The proceedings are held in secret, ensuring confidentiality. If the grand jury concludes there is sufficient evidence, they issue an indictment listing formal charges against the accused. This step is mandatory in New York for felony cases, as per the state's legal framework.

The Allegations Against Adani

Lisa H. Miller, Deputy Assistant Attorney General for the Justice Department’s Criminal Division, accused Adani and his associates of bribing Indian government officials to secure lucrative solar energy contracts. The scheme, allegedly at the expense of U.S. investors, involves charges of corruption and fraud.

The indictment alleges a deliberate attempt to manipulate government processes and mislead stakeholders to benefit the Adani Group's renewable energy ventures.

Immediate Implications for Adani

Following the indictment, the case will move to the arraignment phase. During this stage:

1. The charges against Adani and his associates will be formally communicated by the court.
2. The accused will have the opportunity to plead guilty or not guilty.
3. The court will decide whether to grant bail based on the nature of the charges and the risk of flight.

If Adani and his team plead not guilty, the case will proceed to a jury trial, where a final determination will be made.

Market and Political Fallout

The indictment has already caused significant ripples:

• Stock Market Impact: Adani Group’s stocks plunged by up to 20% following the news.
• Political Reactions: Indian opposition leaders, including Rahul Gandhi, have called for immediate action against Adani, alleging that the Indian government is shielding him.

Adani Group’s Response

In a statement, the Adani Group dismissed the charges as "baseless," accusing U.S. authorities of acting on unverified claims. The company has vowed to contest the indictment vigorously, asserting that it has always adhered to the highest standards of corporate governance.

What Happens Next?

The legal proceedings will now shift focus to the U.S. court system. Key stages include:

1. Arraignment: Adani and his associates will formally respond to the charges.
2. Discovery and Pre-Trial Motions: Both sides will exchange evidence and file motions to address legal and procedural matters.
3. Trial: If the case is not resolved through a plea agreement or dismissal, a jury will hear the evidence to determine guilt or innocence.

The U.S. legal system operates on the principle of “innocent until proven guilty,” ensuring that Adani and his co-accused will have the opportunity to defend themselves.

Global Implications

This case highlights the growing scrutiny of international corporate practices, particularly when linked to allegations of corruption and fraud. As one of India's most prominent industrialists, Adani’s legal battle will be closely watched worldwide, with potential ramifications for India-U.S. relations and investor confidence in Indian businesses.

Conclusion

The indictment of Gautam Adani marks a pivotal moment in the intersection of business, law, and international politics. While the U.S. legal process unfolds, the case serves as a reminder of the stringent checks and balances in place to combat corporate malfeasance. For now, all eyes remain on the courtroom in New York as the next chapter of this high-profile legal drama begins.

Johnson & Johnson (J&J) is facing its first legal battle in the UK over allegations that its talcum powder products caused cancer. A group of nearly 2,000 women represented by KP Law claims they were exposed to asbestos in the company’s talc-based products, leading to life-altering cancers such as ovarian cancer and mesothelioma.

Allegations Against Johnson & Johnson

The claimants allege that J&J knew about the dangers of asbestos contamination in its talcum powder as early as the 1970s but failed to inform consumers. The law firm asserts that the company continued selling these products in the UK until 2022, despite the risks.

“Women who have been diagnosed with life-changing and life-limiting cancers were exposed to asbestos contained within the company’s talcum powder,” KP Law stated. The firm also reported that it has been contacted by thousands of potential claimants, many of whom have lost loved ones to cancer.

J&J has until the end of the year to respond to a pre-action letter sent on behalf of KP Law’s clients, after which the case will be formally filed in the UK’s High Court.

Johnson & Johnson’s Defence

Erik Haas, J&J’s worldwide vice president of litigation, strongly denied the allegations, stating, “Johnson & Johnson takes the issue of talc safety incredibly seriously and always has.” Haas added that the company’s own tests showed no asbestos contamination in its talcum powder and cited independent scientific studies that found no link between talc use and cancer risks.

The company also clarified that any liability for talc claims outside the United States and Canada falls under Kenvue, its former consumer-health division, which was spun off in 2023. Kenvue has not yet commented on the matter.

Background on the Controversy

This lawsuit follows a series of similar legal battles J&J has faced in North America, where it has already paid billions in settlements.

In September 2024, J&J increased its offer to settle talc-related claims in the US to $8 billion, payable over 25 years, after previously agreeing to a $700 million settlement earlier this year over misleading customers about the safety of its products. While the company has consistently denied wrongdoing, it withdrew its talcum-based products from the North American market in 2020.

In July 2023, the World Health Organization’s cancer research agency classified talc as “probably carcinogenic” to humans. However, a 2020 summary of studies involving 250,000 women in the United States did not find a statistically significant link between genital talc use and ovarian cancer.

Global Implications

The UK case represents a significant extension of J&J’s legal challenges, as the company now faces scrutiny beyond North America. Legal experts believe this lawsuit could set a precedent for similar cases in Europe, further intensifying the spotlight on the multinational’s practices.

For now, J&J continues to defend its safety protocols while facing mounting pressure to address these allegations, signalling a critical juncture for the company’s reputation and financial stability.

SpaceX, Elon Musk's rocket and satellite company, is reportedly preparing to sell insider shares, potentially raising its valuation to around $255 billion. This marks a significant increase from its previous valuation of $210 billion and solidifies SpaceX's position as the most valuable private company in the United States.

The sale, conducted as a secondary transaction, allows employees and early shareholders to sell their shares without issuing new equity or raising funds. The proposed share price of $135 per share would set a new valuation record for an American private company, though it remains below ByteDance’s $268 billion valuation in December 2023.

SpaceX continues to dominate the commercial space launch market with its Falcon rockets and plays a pivotal role in government space missions, including those for NASA. Its Starship program, aimed at lunar and Mars exploration, is under rapid development, while its Starlink service delivers satellite-based internet to users globally through an expanding constellation of satellites in low-Earth orbit.

The discussions around the sale are ongoing, and details may evolve depending on market interest. If finalized, the valuation will place SpaceX among the largest companies globally by market capitalization, rivaling major publicly traded entities.

An Abu Dhabi resident lost Dh734,000 (around $200,000) in a trading scam after being lured by a social media advertisement in 2019. The victim, a Jordanian IT manager, initially deposited substantial amounts into a fraudulent website, UFX, encouraged by scammers who convinced her of lucrative returns. Despite her attempts to withdraw funds following losses, she was pressured into further investments, even taking a Dh300,000 loan, ultimately leading to the complete loss of her capital. Even after the website's closure, scammers continued contacting her, urging reactivation on other fraudulent platforms.

In a separate case, Serbian fitness trainer Goran Jovanovic lost Dh2,500 when scammers impersonated Dubai Police, obtaining a bank OTP under false pretenses to access his account.

Abu Dhabi Police’s cybersecurity team warns that scammers frequently impersonate legitimate corporations, using known logos and names to gain victims' trust. Fraudsters often show initial "profits" to convince targets to invest more, only to escalate losses. Lt-Col Ali Al Nuaimi stressed the evolving nature of online fraud and the need for vigilance.

These cases highlight the importance of cyber awareness and preventive measures. Victims should report such incidents to authorities promptly, avoiding sharing personal or financial details with unknown sources. Independent verification of any investment opportunity is essential, as online fraud remains an evolving threat demanding heightened caution, especially when dealing with unsolicited offers.

When purchasing a new gadget, the question often arises: should you opt for an extended warranty or tech insurance? While both offer added protection, each serves different purposes and comes with unique costs. Understanding the difference can help you choose the best, budget-friendly option for your needs.

Extended Warranty vs. Tech Insurance: What’s the Difference?

Both extended warranties and tech insurance provide extra coverage, but they protect against different types of issues and vary in terms of cost and scope.

1. Extended Warranties: What They Cover

Extended warranties extend the standard warranty provided by the manufacturer, covering repairs for mechanical or technical defects after the original warranty expires. This type of protection is ideal if you want to safeguard against unexpected malfunctions or faults that develop over time.

• Coverage: Typically covers repairs for internal defects, hardware malfunctions, and sometimes battery issues.
• Duration: Extended warranties often last between one to three years beyond the initial warranty period.
• Limitations: They generally do not cover accidental damage, theft, or loss.

2. Tech Insurance: A Broader Safety Net

Unlike extended warranties, tech insurance is designed to cover a broader range of risks, including accidental damage, theft, and loss. This option provides comprehensive protection, particularly if you frequently travel with your device or are worried about accidental mishaps.

• Coverage: Includes accidental damage, theft, loss, and sometimes even liquid damage.
• Duration: Policies typically need renewal each year, although some offer monthly payment options.
• Limitations: Insurance can be more expensive over time and may come with deductibles for certain claims.

Cost Comparison: Which is Budget-Friendly?

When choosing between an extended warranty and insurance, consider the cost relative to the device’s price and your usage habits.

In a landmark ruling, the U.S. Supreme Court has sided with Argentina in a high-stakes dispute involving a $16 billion judgment related to the country’s 2012 nationalization of energy giant YPF (Yacimientos Petrolíferos Fiscales). The ruling marks a significant turn in Argentina's long-running legal battle with former YPF shareholders, who had alleged that Argentina’s government violated investor rights and contractual obligations when it took control of the oil company over a decade ago.

Background of the YPF Nationalization and Legal Claims

In 2012, Argentina’s government nationalized YPF, its largest energy company, by seizing a controlling stake held by Spanish firm Repsol and other minority shareholders. The move was part of Argentina’s broader energy strategy, aimed at securing national energy resources amid declining domestic oil production and rising energy imports. The nationalization, however, sparked controversy among international investors who claimed that Argentina failed to adhere to contractual commitments laid out when YPF was privatized in the 1990s.

Shareholders argued that Argentina should have made a tender offer to acquire their shares, as mandated by YPF’s corporate bylaws, which outlined specific procedures for government intervention. The lack of a formal offer, they claimed, deprived them of billions in compensation, leading to substantial financial losses. Following a series of lower court proceedings, Argentina was ordered to pay a judgment totaling $16 billion in damages to the former YPF shareholders.

Supreme Court’s Ruling and Key Legal Issues

The Supreme Court’s decision to reverse the judgment focused on sovereign immunity principles and the application of U.S. federal law to foreign state actions. Argentina argued that the claims were inherently linked to its sovereign functions and economic policies, which should be protected from legal challenges under the Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act (FSIA).

The Supreme Court agreed, finding that the lawsuit was barred under FSIA since Argentina’s actions were governmental, not commercial. The Court emphasized that nationalization decisions, especially in energy sectors crucial to national interests, are typically sovereign acts. The ruling further underscored that U.S. courts must exercise caution when handling cases involving foreign governments, particularly where national policies and assets are at stake.

Implications of the Decision

The Supreme Court’s ruling is expected to have wide-reaching effects on international investment disputes and the scope of U.S. jurisdiction over foreign state actions. By shielding Argentina from the massive judgment, the Court reaffirmed the importance of sovereign immunity and signaled its reluctance to entangle U.S. courts in disputes arising from foreign nationalization policies. This ruling is likely to impact similar cases, especially those involving emerging-market economies where governments frequently assert control over critical industries.

Using multiple bank accounts to manage finances is a common strategy recommended by financial experts to stay organized, achieve savings goals, and in some cases, gain additional legal protections. But does having several accounts actually help manage money better in reality? Are there legal benefits to having multiple accounts? And what are the costs and challenges of juggling multiple accounts?

The Benefits of Multiple Bank Accounts

Having multiple bank accounts can offer several advantages, not only for managing finances but also for safeguarding funds in specific circumstances. Here’s how having multiple accounts can be beneficial:

1. Improved Budgeting and Expense Tracking

• Setting up different accounts for specific expenses, such as bills, savings, and discretionary spending, can simplify tracking where your money is going. By allocating a fixed amount for each purpose, you can avoid accidental overspending and stay within budget.
• For instance, maintaining a dedicated account for bills ensures you don’t inadvertently spend funds needed for essential expenses, giving you greater control over your financial commitments.

     2. Enhanced Saving Strategies

• Using a dedicated savings account, separate from everyday spending, can help you avoid dipping into savings impulsively. Some individuals go further by creating multiple savings accounts for different goals, such as a holiday fund, emergency fund, or home down payment.
• Known as “bucket budgeting,” this approach allows you to allocate funds specifically for each goal, helping you prioritize your finances and reducing the temptation to use that money for other purposes.

    3.  Legal Protections for Certain Accounts

• In some cases, having multiple accounts can provide legal protections, particularly for business owners, contractors, or individuals who receive funds from different sources. For instance, separating personal and business accounts is essential for legal compliance, making it easier to distinguish personal income from

The Drawbacks of Multiple Bank Accounts

While multiple bank accounts can be helpful, they also come with certain drawbacks that may not suit everyone. Here are some of the key challenges:

1. Account Fees and Maintenance Costs

• Each account may come with its own fees, including maintenance charges, minimum balance requirements, and transaction fees. If not managed carefully, these costs can add up over time, potentially offsetting the benefits of having separate accounts.
• Some banks offer free accounts or waive fees if you maintain a minimum balance. However, it’s important to factor in these potential costs before opening additional accounts.

      2. Increased Administrative Complexity

• Managing multiple accounts can be time-consuming, especially when it comes to tracking balances, making transfers, and ensuring that you meet any minimum balance requirements.
• The added complexity can make it difficult to stay on top of your finances, potentially leading to missed payments or accidental overdrafts.

      3. Temptation to Overspend

• For some people, having multiple accounts can lead to a false sense of security. Seeing funds spread across several accounts might make it easier to justify spending from one of them, especially if they don’t keep track of their overall financial picture.
• Without a clear system in place, you may risk overspending in one account while thinking other accounts can cover the shortfall, which can ultimately undermine your financial goals.

Best Practices for Using Multiple Accounts Effectively

To make the most of multiple bank accounts, it’s essential to have a clear strategy in place. Here are a few tips to maximize the benefits:

1. Define the Purpose of Each Account
• Before opening additional accounts, think about the specific purpose for each one. Consider creating accounts based on your goals, such as bills, savings, and discretionary spending.
• Having a well-defined purpose for each account will help you stay focused on your goals and avoid unnecessary spending.
2. Automate Transfers
• One way to streamline managing multiple accounts is by setting up automatic transfers. For example, you can schedule regular transfers from your primary account to savings accounts designated for specific goals, like a vacation or emergency fund.
• Automating transfers ensures that you consistently allocate funds to your savings goals without having to remember to do it manually.
3. Regularly Review and Rebalance
• Checking in on your accounts periodically is essential to ensure that you’re on track with your goals. A monthly or quarterly review can help you assess whether you’re saving enough or need to make adjustments.
• This review process can also help identify any account fees or charges that could be avoided by consolidating funds or choosing a different banking option.
4. Consider Account Types Carefully
• Not all bank accounts are created equal, and choosing the right type for each purpose is important. For example, a high-yield savings account might be best for your emergency fund, while a basic checking account could work for daily expenses.
• Research different account options to find the ones that offer the best rates and lowest fees for each of your needs.

How Many Accounts Are Ideal?

The global AI boom drives record-breaking investments as tech leaders pursue a once-in-a-generation opportunity

Three months ago, Wall Street showed skepticism toward the heavy spending by leading tech companies on artificial intelligence (AI) initiatives, with results falling short of the lofty expectations. Yet, Silicon Valley has responded with even bolder investment plans, preparing for a surge in AI expenditures that underscores the escalating costs and intense competition for dominance in the field.

The world’s top tech companies—Amazon, Microsoft, Meta, and Alphabet—are projected to reach over $200 billion in combined capital expenditures this year, setting a new milestone. Each firm’s leadership has indicated these investments will not only continue into 2024 but may even increase as they race to secure the necessary infrastructure, including high-end chips and data centers, to support the expanding AI technology.

The AI Push and Infrastructure Race

The resurgence of interest in AI, largely propelled by breakthroughs like ChatGPT, has sparked a global rush for resources. To support this growth, companies are securing energy sources for data centers, even revisiting nuclear power to meet rising demands. Leaders argue these investments will position AI at the core of their future offerings, which they believe will prove more profitable than their current focus on ads, e-commerce, and software.

Amazon CEO Andy Jassy highlighted the strategic importance of AI on a recent investor call, describing it as a “once-in-a-lifetime opportunity.” The company projects a record $75 billion in capital spending in 2024, with analysts from MoffettNathanson calling the figures “truly staggering.” Likewise, Meta’s CEO, Mark Zuckerberg, reaffirmed his commitment to AI, stating that the technology will become essential to Meta’s long-term business model. Meta’s capital expenditure for this year may reach $40 billion, reflecting the company's ambition to expand its AI-driven language models.

Alphabet, Google's parent company, exceeded Wall Street’s capital expenditure forecasts and has plans for “substantial” increases in 2025, said Chief Financial Officer Anat Ashkenazi. Meanwhile, Apple has also joined the race, launching "Apple Intelligence," a suite of AI-driven enhancements for services like Siri. Despite these advancements, Apple’s AI efforts have yet to make a significant impact on its financial performance.

A Mixed Quarter for Tech Giants

This quarter’s financial results offered a mixed picture. Amazon and Alphabet saw stock boosts thanks to strong earnings, largely fueled by cloud computing growth. In contrast, Meta and Microsoft experienced slight dips—Meta's plans for significant spending unsettled investors, and Microsoft’s cloud growth expectations fell short.

Microsoft CEO Satya Nadella attributed the company’s slower performance to its struggle to meet the sudden demand for AI and cloud services, explaining that data centers cannot be built “overnight.” Microsoft’s quarterly spending rose by 50% year-over-year to $14.9 billion, setting a new record in property and equipment expenditures. However, analysts are optimistic that Microsoft’s data center shortage is a temporary obstacle, with JPMorgan analysts suggesting that the investments will yield “longer-term seeds for success,” particularly with Microsoft’s stake in OpenAI.

Meta’s Reality Labs and AI Advancements

Meta reported $4.4 billion in operating losses from Reality Labs, its division dedicated to augmented reality and virtual reality projects, including the Llama AI models competing with Google and OpenAI. Despite high spending, Zuckerberg remains confident that AI will enhance Meta’s primary ad revenue streams on Facebook and Instagram, although any declines in ad performance could raise investor concerns.

Meta’s stock has surged 60% this year, with some analysts seeing Zuckerberg’s extensive spending as a sound long-term strategy. “Patience here is a virtue,” noted MoffettNathanson analysts, emphasizing that Zuckerberg’s track record suggests these investments will ultimately pay off.

As AI reshapes the digital landscape, tech giants are poised to define the future of the industry with their record-breaking investments, aiming to not only keep up with demand but also to lead the next wave of innovation.

The Supreme Court of Canada is facing legal action from a Quebec civil rights group over its refusal to translate its historic decisions into French. The group, known as Droits collectifs Québec, filed a legal notice with the Federal Court in Montreal on Friday after unsuccessful attempts to persuade the court’s registrar, its administrative arm, to translate over 6,000 rulings issued between 1877 and 1969, prior to the enactment of the Official Languages Act, which mandates federal institutions to publish content in both English and French.

The rights group’s grievance follows an earlier complaint made to the official language’s commissioner. In a recent ruling, Commissioner Raymond Théberge stated that while the law does not apply retroactively, all decisions available on the Supreme Court’s website must be accessible in both official languages. He deemed the lack of translation a violation of the act and gave the Supreme Court 18 months to address the issue.

The digital age has transformed the entertainment and media industry in unprecedented ways, fundamentally altering the way content is created, distributed, and consumed. While digital disruption offers vast opportunities for innovation, it also presents unique legal and business challenges. From navigating intellectual property rights in a digital landscape to addressing issues of data privacy, cybersecurity, and regulatory compliance, entertainment and media companies must proactively adapt to safeguard their assets and uphold compliance standards. This article delves into the most pressing business and legal concerns facing the entertainment and media sector in today's digital era.

1. Intellectual Property Rights and Content Piracy

The proliferation of digital content has made it easier than ever for users to access media, but it has also amplified the risk of intellectual property (IP) infringement and content piracy. Content, from music and movies to digital art, can be copied and shared without authorization, affecting revenue for creators and media companies alike. In response:

• Digital Rights Management (DRM) systems are increasingly adopted to limit unauthorized copying or distribution of content. DRM, however, requires continuous technological updates to counter ever-evolving piracy tactics.
• Copyright law enforcement has become more complex in a digital context, as legal jurisdiction can be difficult to determine when content is distributed globally online. Entertainment companies often struggle to protect their IP effectively in countries with less stringent IP laws or enforcement mechanisms.
• The rise of user-generated content platforms has created further challenges, as platforms like YouTube or TikTok rely on users to upload and share content. Monitoring and enforcing copyright regulations on such platforms remains a constant struggle, requiring advanced content-matching technologies and compliance with Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) protocols.

2. Data Privacy and Cybersecurity Concerns

With digital entertainment services gathering vast amounts of consumer data to personalize user experiences, issues surrounding data privacy and cybersecurity have become paramount. Companies in the media and entertainment sector must address:

• Compliance with data protection regulations, such as the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) in the EU and the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) in the U.S. These laws require businesses to obtain explicit consent from users before collecting data, disclose the purpose of data collection, and provide options for data deletion upon user request.
• Protecting against data breaches, which can result in severe financial and reputational damage. Hacking attempts, ransomware, and data theft are persistent risks, with attackers targeting valuable user information stored on entertainment platforms.
• Children’s privacy laws, such as the Children’s Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA) in the U.S., add another layer of regulatory responsibility, requiring companies to limit data collection and ensure appropriate content delivery for minors.

3. The Evolving Regulatory Landscape

The regulatory environment for entertainment and media is evolving rapidly to address issues that are unique to digital content. Media companies face several regulatory hurdles, including:

• Content moderation and liability: With increased scrutiny on digital platforms to moderate harmful or offensive content, entertainment companies must walk a fine line between compliance with free speech laws and social responsibility. Regulatory pressures require platforms to monitor content proactively, creating liability risks and potential fines if harmful content goes unchecked.
• Advertising standards: As digital marketing practices evolve, entertainment companies need to ensure that they are complying with advertising regulations, especially concerning influencer marketing and endorsements. Disclosures and transparency about sponsored content are required to maintain compliance and avoid misleading consumers.
• International tax regulations: As global streaming services operate across borders, they encounter varying tax rules on digital goods and services. Understanding and implementing these regulations across different jurisdictions can be complex, and non-compliance can result in significant penalties.

4. Contracts and Licensing in a Digital World

In the entertainment industry, traditional licensing models are being disrupted as digital platforms seek global distribution rights for content. This shift has introduced complexities in contract structuring and royalty distribution:

• Global licensing agreements now need to account for digital rights, including on-demand streaming, downloads, and potential for interactive media rights. Complex negotiations are required to determine territorial restrictions, exclusive rights, and other terms of use.
• Royalty structures are becoming more intricate as content moves across multiple platforms and revenue streams, from direct streaming sales to ad revenue and subscription-based services. Transparent royalty distribution is essential to maintain fair compensation for creators, though it poses logistical challenges for platforms managing multi-channel distribution.
• AI-generated content adds a new dimension to licensing, as questions arise about ownership and copyright of content created by AI rather than human creators. Legal frameworks are still catching up with these advancements, leaving uncertainty around IP rights for AI-generated works.

5. Monetization and Emerging Technologies

As audiences shift to digital platforms, the entertainment industry must explore innovative monetization models while navigating the legal and business challenges these models entail:

• Subscription and Ad-Based Models: The shift from traditional ad revenue to subscription-based models presents financial sustainability challenges, with content creators needing to strike a balance between ad placements, user experience, and content accessibility. Regulations require clear disclosure of subscription terms, especially with automatic renewals.
• NFTs and Blockchain: Non-fungible tokens (NFTs) and blockchain technology have introduced new ways to monetize digital content. However, legal ambiguity surrounds ownership, copyright enforcement, and regulatory oversight of NFTs, creating potential risks for both creators and consumers.
• Metaverse and AR/VR Content: With the expansion of virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR), companies must navigate new IP and privacy issues as they develop immersive experiences. Content creators face copyright challenges with VR and AR content, as interactions within these spaces often involve contributions from multiple users, raising questions of joint ownership and copyright.

6. Content Diversity and Inclusion

Digital platforms provide an opportunity for creators from diverse backgrounds to share their work with a global audience. However, companies in the entertainment industry must address:

• Equal representation and accessibility: Entertainment companies are facing increased scrutiny for diversity and inclusion both on and off the screen. They must address concerns about fair representation, ensuring that diverse voices are represented authentically and ethically.
• Compliance with accessibility laws: As digital content consumption rises, so does the need to ensure compliance with accessibility standards, such as providing closed captions, audio descriptions, and navigable platforms for users with disabilities.

Conclusion

The entertainment and media industry stands at the crossroads of opportunity and challenge in the digital age. While digital transformation enables more dynamic and innovative content delivery, it also demands heightened vigilance in protecting intellectual property, ensuring data privacy, navigating evolving regulations, and securing equitable compensation for creators. As companies continue to adapt, establishing robust legal frameworks and business practices will be essential to sustaining growth and fostering a more inclusive, secure, and legally compliant entertainment landscape.

In a landmark legal move, a Brazilian institute has filed a lawsuit against several major social media companies, demanding $525 million in damages over allegations that these platforms have facilitated the harmful use of their services by minors. This lawsuit, filed in Brazil's courts, highlights mounting concerns worldwide over the influence of social media on young users, including issues like exposure to harmful content, mental health impacts, and privacy violations.

Background: Rising Concerns Over Social Media's Impact on Minors

The Brazilian Institute for the Defense of Consumer Rights (Instituto Brasileiro de Defesa do Consumidor, or IDEC) spearheaded the lawsuit, focusing on how social media platforms engage young users. The institute claims that these companies have not taken adequate measures to prevent minors from accessing and being potentially harmed by their platforms. It also accuses them of using algorithms that are designed to maximize engagement, which IDEC claims can be detrimental to the mental well-being of younger users.

The case has been filed amid growing scrutiny worldwide regarding how social media companies attract, retain, and influence young audiences. Research has linked extensive social media use among minors to increased risks of anxiety, depression, cyberbullying, and other mental health issues.

Key Allegations: Lack of Safeguards for Minors

The lawsuit charges the social media giants with failing to implement sufficient protections for minors on their platforms. IDEC’s primary allegations include:

1. Engagement Algorithms: The lawsuit claims that social media algorithms are designed to increase screen time by showing engaging and often sensational content, which can negatively affect young users.

2. Inadequate Age Verification: IDEC argues that these companies have insufficient age verification processes, allowing children to easily create accounts, often bypassing parental supervision.

3. Exposure to Inappropriate Content: The institute highlights how minors are frequently exposed to content that may be harmful or inappropriate for their age, including violent, sexual, or extreme material that could impact their mental and emotional development.

4. Privacy Violations: The lawsuit also accuses the platforms of collecting and monetizing data from minors, sometimes without their knowledge or consent, which IDEC claims violates Brazilian data privacy laws, particularly those focused on the protection of children’s data.

Legal Basis: Violations of Brazil’s Child Protection Laws

The lawsuit leverages several existing Brazilian laws aimed at protecting minors online. One such law, the Brazilian Child and Adolescent Statute (ECA), includes provisions to safeguard children from harmful media content and exploitation. Additionally, Brazil’s General Data Protection Law (LGPD) places strict limitations on how companies can collect and use data, particularly when it pertains to minors. IDEC contends that social media companies are failing to meet these standards and, as a result, are putting millions of young users at risk.

IDEC has asserted that these platforms are responsible for ensuring the safety and well-being of their users, especially those who are minors, and must be held accountable for their alleged negligence.

Financial and Regulatory Implications of the $525 Million Lawsuit

The $525 million claim is intended not only to penalize social media giants but also to fund initiatives that address the negative impacts of social media on minors. IDEC has proposed that any awarded damages be directed towards educational campaigns, mental health support, and online safety programs for minors and their families.

Should the court rule in favor of IDEC, the decision would set a significant legal precedent, influencing not only future lawsuits in Brazil but also potentially encouraging similar actions in other countries. Social media companies operating in Brazil would likely need to review and strengthen their policies regarding age verification, content moderation, and data privacy compliance.

Industry Reactions and Potential Responses from Social Media Companies

In response to the growing backlash, several social media companies have stated their commitment to protecting young users. Many platforms have recently introduced parental controls, content filters, and mental health resources for young users. However, IDEC and other advocacy groups argue that these measures are insufficient, particularly in the face of algorithms designed to maximize user engagement regardless of age.

Social media companies named in the lawsuit have yet to issue formal statements on the case, but it is expected that they may either contest the claims or highlight recent improvements in user safety. Legal experts suggest that the companies might argue that they already comply with Brazilian laws and maintain that parental responsibility should be a factor in monitoring children’s social media use.

Broader Implications for the Future of Online Child Protection

This lawsuit reflects a broader, global trend towards regulating social media more stringently, especially concerning young users. Governments worldwide, including the United States and European Union, are also discussing new regulations to curb social media’s influence on children. These regulations could range from stricter age verification protocols to enhanced data privacy protections for minors.

For Brazil, this case represents a test of the country’s commitment to enforcing child protection laws in the digital age. A favorable ruling for IDEC could prompt additional lawsuits against tech companies, potentially driving more responsible business practices across the industry.

Conclusion: A Turning Point for Child Safety in Digital Spaces

As the world watches, this lawsuit could serve as a turning point in the fight to protect minors online. With billions of young users engaging on social media platforms daily, IDEC’s case against these companies emphasizes the urgent need for a safer digital environment. The outcome of this case could lead to stricter regulations for Big Tech in Brazil, setting a global precedent in the ongoing efforts to create a safer internet for all, particularly for vulnerable young users.

With growing public concern, social media companies may need to take proactive steps to address these issues to avoid future litigation and ensure they are compliant with both local and international standards for digital child protection.

After a 15-year-long legal struggle, Google has been fined a massive Rs 26,000 crore, marking one of the largest antitrust fines levied against a tech giant. This historic penalty comes as a result of Google losing a legal battle in an antitrust case involving its alleged monopolistic practices. The fine highlights the intensifying global scrutiny on Big Tech companies and their influence over digital markets.

Background: A 15-Year Legal Battle

The case against Google dates back to over a decade ago when complaints from competitors and regulators accused the tech giant of anti-competitive practices. Investigations revealed that Google was allegedly leveraging its dominant position in the search engine and advertising markets to suppress competitors, giving its own products an unfair advantage. Key concerns revolved around Google’s search algorithms, online advertising, and app store policies, all of which were claimed to restrict competition.

Key Issues: Allegations of Monopolistic Practices

At the heart of the case were several core allegations:

1. Search Engine Bias: Regulators argued that Google manipulated its search algorithms to prioritize its own services and products, reducing visibility for competitors.

2. Digital Advertising Dominance: Google’s extensive reach in the digital advertising market was flagged as monopolistic, with complaints that its ad practices stifled fair competition.

3. App Store Restrictions: Google’s policies on its app marketplace allegedly restricted third-party apps, hindering developers from competing fairly against Google’s own applications and services.

These practices were believed to have reduced consumer choice, inflated advertising costs, and hindered innovation from smaller players unable to compete with Google’s market dominance.

The Legal Proceedings and Google’s Defense

Over the years, Google vigorously defended itself, maintaining that its practices were fair and in line with industry standards. The company argued that its services were designed to benefit users by providing relevant, high-quality search results and efficient digital advertising solutions. Google also asserted that its dominant position was the result of organic growth driven by user preference, not monopolistic practices.

Despite its arguments, regulators amassed evidence showing that Google’s dominance was not solely due to organic market growth but was reinforced by policies and algorithms designed to suppress competition. The drawn-out litigation process involved numerous appeals, counter-appeals, and debates over the tech giant’s responsibility to foster a competitive digital ecosystem.

The Verdict and Its Implications

The landmark ruling and hefty Rs 26,000 crore fine set a global precedent for antitrust enforcement against major technology firms. The court concluded that Google had, in fact, engaged in monopolistic practices that harmed both competitors and consumers, undermining the integrity of digital marketplaces. This decision is expected to have far-reaching effects, influencing how regulators in other jurisdictions pursue similar cases against major technology companies.

Reactions from the Industry and Google’s Next Steps

The verdict has sparked widespread reactions across the tech industry, with experts suggesting that the ruling could drive a wave of regulatory actions against other dominant players. Industry analysts believe this judgment will encourage more stringent regulations on digital giants, particularly regarding search engine practices, advertising, and app marketplace policies.

Google, meanwhile, has expressed disappointment with the ruling, suggesting that it plans to explore further legal options. In a public statement, Google reiterated its commitment to offering valuable, accessible services to users and argued that its innovations have substantially contributed to the digital ecosystem. However, the company also indicated its willingness to work with regulators to address any outstanding concerns.

The Impact on Google’s Business and Future of Antitrust Legislation

This record-breaking fine is likely to have significant financial implications for Google. Besides the monetary penalty, Google may be required to alter its business practices to comply with fair competition laws, which could mean changes to how it handles search results, advertising, and app store policies.

The case highlights a broader movement toward stricter antitrust regulation globally. Many countries have ramped up scrutiny of Big Tech, seeing increased regulation as necessary to safeguard consumer choice and encourage innovation. The ruling against Google is expected to embolden these efforts, likely leading to new laws aimed at maintaining fair competition in digital markets.

Conclusion: A Landmark Case in the Fight Against Big Tech Monopolies

The Rs 26,000 crore fine against Google is a powerful statement by regulators, underscoring that monopolistic behavior will not go unchecked. As governments and regulatory bodies worldwide continue to examine the role of Big Tech in modern economies, this case could mark a pivotal shift toward stricter control and oversight of technology giants. Google’s next steps will be closely watched as it navigates compliance with this ruling, while the tech industry as a whole braces for potential changes in how digital markets operate.

This case serves as a reminder that the power wielded by Big Tech must be balanced with accountability, ensuring that innovation and consumer welfare remain at the forefront of the digital economy.

The longstanding intellectual property (IP) dispute over the Nobel Prize-winning CRISPR gene-editing technology has taken an unexpected turn, with the group representing Nobel laureates Emmanuelle Charpentier and Jennifer Doudna opting to revoke two key European patents. This decision, involving foundational European patents EP2800811 and EP3401400, highlights procedural issues and strategic considerations that go beyond ownership claims in the ongoing CRISPR patent saga.

A Decade of Dispute

Since Charpentier and Doudna’s ground-breaking CRISPR/Cas9 technology garnered global attention and a Nobel Prize, various entities, including the University of California, University of Vienna, and Charpentier (collectively known as CVC), have been in a patent race with the Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard. The Broad Institute initially secured the first CRISPR-related patent in the U.S. in 2014. However, CVC made strides in Europe, where its patents were upheld at first instance in opposition cases before the European Patent Office (EPO).

Despite these early successes, CVC faced setbacks. Recently, the EPO Board of Appeal issued preliminary opinions casting doubt on the validity of both patents on multiple grounds. In response, CVC filed requests to revoke the patents rather than proceed to oral hearings, thereby effectively canceling the proceedings. This move has drawn attention to strategic and procedural dynamics at the EPO.

Concerns Over Procedural Fairness or Tactical Move?

CVC’s legal team argued that procedural concerns prompted their revocation requests. They cited recent case law, particularly T 2229/19, in which the EPO Board of Appeal introduced a new approach that may limit the ability of patentees to respond to preliminary opinions by filing new claim sets. CVC contended that this approach could jeopardize its “right to be heard,” as it may prevent them from adequately addressing issues raised in the Board’s preliminary opinions.

CVC’s opponents, however, perceived the revocation request as a strategic maneuver to avoid an unfavorable ruling and protect CVC’s related patents from potential repercussions. They argued that CVC’s concerns about procedural fairness were merely a distraction, emphasizing that the issues highlighted in the Board’s preliminary opinions had been central to the case from the start and that CVC had ample opportunity to address them through previous filings.

Strategic Implications for Patentees

The procedural dynamics stemming from case T 2229/19 underscore the importance of timing and strategy when filing auxiliary claim requests with the EPO Board of Appeal. For patentees, CVC’s experience suggests a cautious approach: filing claim sets that preemptively address potential issues may avoid procedural pitfalls later in the appeals process.

The Costs of Revocation: Will CVC Bear Them?

CVC’s opponents are seeking reimbursement for costs incurred in preparing for oral proceedings and travel arrangements made before the revocation requests were filed. They argue that because CVC waited until shortly before the hearings to withdraw, they should bear responsibility for these expenses. However, CVC maintains that existing Board of Appeal case law generally allows patentees to file revocation requests at any stage, with the benefits of such withdrawals typically balancing any resulting costs.

The Board of Appeal’s decision on whether to apportion costs in this case may set a precedent for future patent disputes, impacting the financial and procedural calculus for patentees considering revocation.

Conclusion

This latest development in the CRISPR patent dispute sheds light on procedural and strategic complexities in high-stakes patent litigation, especially in cases involving cutting-edge technology with global implications. As this phase in the CRISPR saga draws to a close, the broader implications on patent ownership and licensing rights, as well as procedural considerations for future patentees before the EPO, remain crucial areas to watch.

With the UAE’s thriving real estate market, expats interested in investing in property have a range of mortgage options available. From apartments to villas, and off-plan properties, mortgage loans provide a flexible way to access the market. However, expats must meet certain eligibility criteria and submit essential documents to qualify for these loans. Here’s a breakdown of the different types of mortgages, eligibility, and requirements for expats in the UAE.

Types of Mortgages Available

1. Fixed-Rate Mortgage: The interest rate is fixed for a specific period, often up to five years, making monthly payments predictable during that time.

2. Short-Term Mortgage: Similar to fixed-rate mortgages but for a shorter duration, generally between one to three years.

3. Long-Term Mortgage: Mortgages with a fixed rate extending closer to the five-year mark.

4. Variable-Rate Mortgage: Here, the interest rate varies according to the Emirates Interbank Offered Rate (EIBOR), making it more flexible but less predictable.

    

Key Ratios and Limits for Mortgage Approval

• Debt Burden Ratio (DBR): The DBR calculates the percentage of the borrower’s income committed to monthly debt payments. According to UAE’s Central Bank guidelines, the DBR must not exceed 50% of the borrower’s monthly gross income. This cap applies even after retirement, as lenders may reassess repayment ability based on post-retirement income.

• Loan-to-Value Ratio (LVR): This measures the loan amount relative to the property’s value.

  • For a primary residence valued under AED 5 million, the LVR can reach up to 80%.
  • For properties above AED 5 million, the LVR is limited to 70%.
  • For a second property, the LVR is capped at 60%.
  • For off-plan properties, the LVR maxes out at 50% due to the extended development period and associated risks.

   

Eligibility Criteria

• Age: Applicants must be at least 21 years old. The previous maximum age limit of 70 years at the end of loan repayment has been lifted, allowing lenders to determine age limits based on their policies.
• Minimum Salary: Most banks require a minimum salary of AED 15,000.
• Employment Status: Both salaried and self-employed individuals are eligible to apply.

Documents Required for Mortgage Application

For Salaried Individuals:

• Passport copy
• Emirates ID copy
• Salary certificate
• Recent pay slips (may vary by bank)
• Six months of bank statements

For Self-Employed Individuals:

• Passport copy
• Emirates ID copy
• Trade license copy
• Company bank statements
• Memorandum of Association
• Audited financial statements

For Co-borrowers:

• Passport and Emirates ID copies
• Additional income verification documents (if required)

Important Mortgage Terms to Know

1. Loan Tenure: The maximum loan term is 25 years.

2. DBR Cap: The DBR must not exceed 50% of income.

3. Financing Limit: Expats can borrow up to seven times their annual income.

4. Repayment Terms: Payments must come from salary or verifiable business or rental income and be made at least quarterly. The end-of-service benefit cannot be used for mortgage repayments.

5. Deferred Principal Repayment: For investment loans, borrowers can defer principal repayments, but only for up to five years from the initial loan date.

Expats seeking mortgage loans in the UAE have a variety of options that cater to different financial situations. Ensuring compliance with eligibility requirements and submitting the correct documents will help applicants successfully secure their mortgage.

A recent report highlights that AI governance and heightened data privacy regulations are among the top data law trends transforming business strategies. The 2025 Data Law Trends Report outlines eight critical developments, emphasizing the need for companies to adapt to new regulatory frameworks.

According to the report, AI expertise is becoming crucial for corporate governance, with 13% of S&P 500 companies appointing directors skilled in AI. This figure rises to 30% among IT firms and 60% in the automotive sector. Comparatively, 18% of FTSE 100 companies now have at least one director with AI expertise. As governments, including those in the UK, US, Australia, Russia, and Japan, roll out policies to streamline AI regulations, Freshfields advises companies to prioritize accountability and transparency.

Freshfields partner Cat Greenwood-Smith commented: “While current AI-related lawsuits and investigations are based on existing laws, we anticipate a surge in cases once dedicated AI legislation takes effect.”

Stricter enforcement of data privacy is also a prominent trend. Giles Pratt, another Freshfields partner, noted that data regulators worldwide are focusing intently on AI, requiring businesses to ensure AI systems are compliant and to engage closely with regulators when necessary.

Data-related disputes are growing, particularly in the EU, where class action litigation is becoming more common. In the UK, while opt-out class actions for GDPR infringements have faced challenges post-Lloyd v Google, case law is still evolving. Similarly, the US is seeing a rise in class actions related to data breaches.

New global regulations, including the EU’s Digital Services Act and the UK’s Online Safety Act, are reshaping digital and data practices. Freshfields partner Rachael Annear remarked that the conversation around online safety is only just beginning and emerging technologies could shift expectations for online engagement.

Additional data law trends include a focus on international data transfers, escalating cyber threats, new US state consumer privacy laws, maturing data laws in Asia, and evolving data access rules in the EU. Freshfields emphasizes that these changes are not merely regulatory challenges; for proactive companies, they represent strategic opportunities to lead in the digital landscape.

Biorobotics start-up Trilobio secured a temporary restraining order against its former CFO, Keoni Gandall, and his company Nanala, in a trade secret dispute. The injunction was issued by the US District Court for the Northern District of California on October 17, 2024, following accusations that Gandall had stolen proprietary information from Trilobio after his termination.

In this two-part series, the digital counselling team at Van Bael & Bellis explores the major challenges impacting the entertainment and media industry, offering insights on how businesses can navigate these complex changes.

Generative AI and Human Authorship

With the rise of generative AI, the entertainment industry is entering uncharted territory, where the definition of creativity and authorship is rapidly evolving. Tools like OpenAI's Sora and Google’s MusicLM allow content creators to generate music and imagery from simple text inputs, making the creative process faster and more accessible. However, these developments raise pressing questions about intellectual property. International copyright law, particularly in the EU and the US, largely maintains that true authorship must be human. Case law emphasizes that creativity should reflect the author’s personal intellectual input—an element that AI lacks.

As generative AI becomes more prevalent, the debate over human contributions to AI-created content will intensify. Questions of ownership and copyright protection will redefine the industry, challenging longstanding practices and protections for creative professionals.

Regulating Market Power

The introduction of new regulations such as the EU’s Digital Services Act (DSA) and Digital Markets Act (DMA), along with the UK’s Online Safety Act (OSA), has placed increasing responsibilities on businesses operating in the digital sphere. These laws are reshaping the competitive landscape, offering more opportunities for challengers to established incumbents.

For instance, Epic Games credited the DMA with allowing it to open its own store for iPhone apps in the EU, while Spotify welcomed Apple’s revised terms for music-streaming apps. The regulatory framework is shifting, creating more transparency for consumers but also increasing the risks for companies failing to adapt.

A case in point is Ticketmaster’s use of dynamic pricing, a practice that adjusts ticket prices based on demand. While legal, dynamic pricing has drawn significant scrutiny, leading to investigations by UK regulators over whether such practices violate consumer protection laws.

Media Mergers and Consolidation

The entertainment industry has seen a surge in high-profile mergers, reshaping the sector. Recent deals such as the $8 billion Skydance Media and Paramount Global merger exemplify the trend toward consolidation in Hollywood. However, these deals are facing mounting antitrust scrutiny.

Regulators like the US Department of Justice (DOJ) and the UK’s Competition and Markets Authority (CMA) are paying closer attention to these mergers, assessing their potential impact on competition, innovation, and consumer choice. The CMA’s 2023 decision to block Microsoft’s $68.7 billion acquisition of Activision is a prime example of how regulatory concerns can halt even the biggest industry deals.

AI, Content Commercialization, and Data Protection

As media companies enter into licensing agreements with AI developers like OpenAI, legal and ethical concerns are emerging. Licensing deals with news publishers like the Financial Times, News Corp, and Conde Nast highlight the intersection between AI and content commercialization. However, concerns about data protection and intellectual property are growing.

In the EU, the Irish Data Protection Commission has taken legal action against X (formerly Twitter) for unauthorized use of personal data in training its AI. The case raises questions about the legal basis for using such data and whether the "right to be forgotten" applies to AI systems.

Online Safety and Content Moderation

The UK’s Online Safety Act (OSA) and the EU’s DSA impose new obligations on media companies, particularly those that allow user-generated content. The OSA gives regulators the power to enforce content moderation standards, with fines of up to 10% of annual global turnover for violations. Media businesses, particularly those in gaming and social media, must ensure that their platforms comply with new content regulations to avoid legal repercussions.

In the gaming industry, user-generated content and multiplayer features could fall under the OSA's broad definitions, subjecting them to stricter scrutiny. Similarly, the DSA in the EU has introduced stringent requirements for addressing illegal content, placing added responsibility on content producers and online platforms.

Key Takeaways

As the digital landscape continues to evolve, the entertainment and media industry faces an increasingly complex regulatory environment. Businesses will need to carefully assess their practices, from copyright and AI-generated content to compliance with new regulations, to stay ahead of legal challenges. Navigating these changes successfully will require strategic foresight, robust data protection policies, and a deep understanding of emerging legal frameworks.

In a world where careers are being reshaped by digital transformation, social media has birthed a new and thriving profession: the influencer. What once was an uncharted domain is now becoming a structured, revenue-generating career option, particularly for Gen Z. A ground breaking step in this evolution is happening in Ireland, where South East Technological University (SETU) in Carlow has launched a first-of-its-kind degree focused on content creation and social media, aimed at teaching aspiring influencers how to turn their online presence into profitable businesses.

The Global Rise of the Influencer Economy

The rise of social media platforms such as Instagram, TikTok, and YouTube has opened doors to an entirely new economy – the influencer economy. Content creators from all corners of the world are now capitalizing on their ability to connect with audiences, building personal brands and commanding significant revenue through sponsored content, affiliate marketing, product endorsements, and more.

Globally, the influencer market is expected to grow to over $24 billion by 2025, reflecting the increasing reliance of brands on influencers to reach target demographics, especially younger audiences. Gen Z, in particular, views influencers as more authentic and relatable than traditional advertisements, fueling the demand for influencer-led campaigns across industries, from fashion and beauty to technology and lifestyle.

Ireland’s Trailblazing Program: A Response to a Global Trend

Recognizing this growing demand for skilled content creators, SETU’s new degree program in Content Creation and Social Media is pioneering formal education for future influencers. The degree offers a comprehensive curriculum that includes video editing, digital marketing, social media strategy, and branding, while also covering crucial aspects like copyright law, online ethics, and monetization strategies.

This course addresses a gap in the market where many aspiring influencers lack the business acumen needed to convert followers into sustainable revenue streams. SETU’s program offers students not only the technical skills required to produce high-quality content but also the strategic knowledge to engage with brands, negotiate deals, and maximize their earning potential.

Shaping a New Era in Career Choices

What makes SETU’s program significant on a global scale is that it reflects a larger trend where traditional career paths are being supplemented – and sometimes overtaken – by digital-first professions. A degree for influencers may seem unconventional, but it mirrors the shift in workforce demands that is happening worldwide. With an increasing number of Gen Z and millennials aspiring to make a living as content creators, formal education in this field is poised to grow.

Beyond Ireland, universities and institutions across the globe are likely to follow suit, incorporating influencer-specific programs into their curricula. This is especially relevant in regions where the influencer economy is booming, such as the United States, China, Brazil, and India. Already, influencer agencies and brands are actively seeking out creators with not only large followings but also the professionalism and marketing savvy required to run their platforms like businesses.

The Broader Impact: Legitimizing Content Creation

One of the broader implications of a university degree in influencing is the legitimization of content creation as a serious career. While influencers have often been perceived as individuals who stumbled upon fame, this degree signals a shift in perception, recognizing influencing as a discipline that requires skills, strategy, and business knowledge.

This development also pushes the boundaries of what higher education can offer in terms of career preparation. As job markets evolve, universities are having to rethink their offerings, ensuring that they equip students with the relevant tools for 21st-century careers. SETU’s influencer degree is at the forefront of this shift, embracing an industry that continues to redefine work, income, and creativity.

Influencing: A Global Career with Local Impact

What is especially unique about influencer marketing is its ability to be both globally impactful and locally rooted. An Irish content creator can easily command a global following, while influencers from regions as diverse as South Korea, Nigeria, and the UAE are also shaping international conversations. However, the most successful influencers often remain deeply connected to their local cultures, using their content to showcase specific lifestyles, traditions, and experiences that resonate with audiences worldwide.

For many aspiring influencers in countries like Ireland, this new degree offers a structured entry point into a competitive global industry. But the ripple effects of such programs are likely to influence content creators everywhere, as the world moves closer to acknowledging the influencer economy as a legitimate, lucrative, and strategic business.

Challenges and Opportunities

With formal education for influencers becoming a reality, the industry will face both challenges and opportunities. On one hand, aspiring influencers with access to such programs will gain a competitive edge in an increasingly crowded market. They will have a clearer understanding of how to navigate the complexities of brand partnerships, audience growth, and ethical online practices.

On the other hand, there is a concern that institutionalizing influencing might undermine the authenticity that has made many influencers popular. One of the most valued aspects of influencers is their relatability and the organic nature of their content. As the profession becomes more formalized, striking a balance between creativity and commercialization will be essential.

Conclusion

The introduction of Ireland’s influencer degree marks a significant moment in the evolution of both education and digital professions. It not only addresses the growing demand for skilled content creators but also legitimizes influencing as a business-driven career. As this trend continues to gain traction globally, it will undoubtedly reshape perceptions of what it means to be an influencer and how future generations will approach this dynamic and fast-evolving industry.

In a world where digital platforms reign supreme, the influencer economy is more than just a fleeting trend – it's serious business.

In a significant legal battle, Sony Music, Universal Music Group, and Warner Records have filed lawsuits against AI start-ups Suno and Udio, accusing them of copyright infringement. The music giants claim that the start-ups artificial intelligence technologies are illegally scraping and reproducing copyrighted music without proper authorization, marking a new frontier in the intersection of AI and intellectual property law.

The lawsuits center around the use of AI-driven tools developed by Suno and Udio, which allegedly source copyrighted music from various platforms to create new tracks or repurpose existing ones. This practice, known as "scraping," involves AI algorithms extracting audio data, which is then used to generate music that closely resembles existing copyrighted works. The record labels argue that these technologies violate copyright protections, as they use the original music without licensing agreements or proper compensation to the rights holders.

While AI is increasingly being integrated into creative fields, the lawsuits highlight a growing concern among content creators and copyright holders regarding the unregulated use of artificial intelligence in the music industry. Major record labels have been vocal about the potential threats posed by AI technologies, which could disrupt traditional licensing models and undermine artists’ control over their work.

The legal action against Suno and Udio serves as a precedent-setting case in determining how copyright law will apply to AI-generated content. If the courts side with the record labels, it could result in stricter regulations for AI startups operating in creative industries, forcing them to secure licenses for copyrighted material before using it in AI applications.

Both Suno and Udio have yet to release formal statements addressing the lawsuits, but the outcome of the cases could have wide-ranging implications for AI-driven innovation, intellectual property rights, and the future of the music industry in an era of advancing technology.

On October 7, 2024, U.S. District Judge James Donato issued a significant ruling against Google, ordering the tech giant to open up its Play Store to third-party apps. This move came as part of an ongoing legal battle between Epic Games and Google, centering on claims of anti-competitive practices. The ruling prohibits Google from making exclusive agreements with app developers and phone manufacturers that require the Play Store to be pre-installed on devices. It also mandates that Google allow developers to offer alternative payment methods within their apps.

What Prompted the Injunction?

The conflict between app developers and major app store operators, like Google and Apple, has been brewing for years. A major turning point occurred in August 2020 when Epic Games, the developer of Fortnite, introduced a direct payment option in its app, bypassing both Google’s and Apple’s mandatory in-app billing systems. This move allowed Epic to avoid paying the hefty commissions—typically 15-30%—that both platforms charge developers for in-app purchases and subscriptions.

In response, both Google and Apple removed Fortnite from their app stores, prompting Epic to file two separate antitrust lawsuits—one against Google and another against Apple. Epic’s CEO, Tim Sweeney, argued that Google’s cut of every transaction made through Android devices was unfair and restrictive, sparking a legal showdown that would drag on for years.

Google’s Response

Google has appealed the ruling, expressing concerns about its potential impact on consumer privacy and security, as well as on competition within the mobile app market. In a blog post, the company noted that allowing third-party app stores and alternative payment methods could make it more difficult for developers to promote their apps and potentially reduce the quality of the app ecosystem.

However, for many, the ruling represents a significant victory for developers in their fight against the dominance of major app store operators like Google and Apple.

Epic’s Argument Against Google

Epic’s lawsuit against Google focused on the claim that the tech giant’s practices were anti-competitive. Epic argued that Google made exclusive agreements with companies like Activision Blizzard and Nintendo, offering them lower commissions in exchange for keeping their apps and games on the Play Store. These agreements required developers to use Google’s billing system, preventing them from offering their own payment options.

The case went to a jury trial, and in December 2023, the jury unanimously ruled that Google had engaged in anti-competitive behavior that harmed both Epic and other developers. This led to Judge Donato’s injunction, which is seen as a pivotal moment in the ongoing battle for fair competition in the app store marketplace.

The Apple Lawsuit: A Different Outcome

While Epic filed similar lawsuits against both Google and Apple, the outcomes were different. The lawsuit against Apple, heard in a bench trial, resulted in a mixed ruling. The court found that while Apple was not a monopoly in the app marketplace, it had imposed some anti-competitive policies. The ruling allowed developers to offer alternative payment options for in-app purchases, but Epic was still required to pay damages for violating Apple’s developer agreement.

The key difference between the two cases was the jury trial in the Google case, which allowed Epic to present more evidence of Google’s exclusive deals with developers. This played a crucial role in the jury’s decision to rule against Google.

Impact on the App Economy

These rulings, especially the injunction against Google, could have significant implications for the $250 billion app economy. Google and Apple will likely need to revise their app store policies, making them more developer-friendly by allowing alternative payment methods and potentially reducing their commissions on in-app purchases.

The injunction could also pave the way for alternative app stores, reducing Google and Apple’s control over app distribution. For consumers, this could lead to lower prices for apps and in-app purchases, as developers would no longer need to pay high commissions to the app store operators. Smaller developers might benefit from reduced costs, which could lower barriers to entry and encourage more competition in the market.

However, there are potential downsides. Currently, developers only need to promote their apps on two major platforms—Google Play Store and Apple’s App Store. If multiple app stores emerge, it may become harder for smaller developers to get their apps noticed across fragmented marketplaces. This could create new challenges in terms of app discoverability and marketing.

Overall, these legal rulings represent a major shift in the app economy, signaling a move toward more open competition and fairer terms for developers. They also reflect the increasing scrutiny that tech giants like Google and Apple are facing over their control of digital marketplaces.

The U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) has proposed a fine of $147,000 against ESPN after the sports network improperly used emergency alert system (EAS) tones during an NBA promotion. The incident, which occurred during an ad campaign for the NBA, involved simulated emergency tones, which are strictly regulated by the FCC to prevent confusion during actual emergency situations.

According to the FCC, these tones are only to be used for real emergencies or authorized tests. Using them for any other purpose, including promotional content, can desensitize the public to the seriousness of such alerts. This could potentially create dangerous situations where people ignore emergency warnings in the future.

ESPN's use of these tones violated federal regulations, and the FCC stressed that misuse of the emergency alert system is a serious issue that undermines public safety. While ESPN can contest the fine, the incident highlights the importance of broadcasters adhering to EAS guidelines to avoid public panic and confusion.

This proposed fine serves as a reminder of the FCC's commitment to enforcing its regulations regarding the use of emergency tones in media broadcasts. It underscores the critical role these systems play in public safety and the potential consequences of their misuse.

The European Union's ground-breaking legislation, the AI Act, is poised to reshape the global landscape of artificial intelligence regulation. With the recent unveiling of the AI Act Checker, a compliance tool designed to help companies navigate the complexities of the new law, it has become clear that Big Tech firms—such as Google, Amazon, Meta, and Microsoft—are facing significant challenges. These pitfalls highlight both the complexities of the AI Act and the difficulty of implementing compliance strategies for AI systems that power the world's largest tech ecosystems.

Understanding the EU AI Act

The EU AI Act, approved in June 2023, is one of the first comprehensive legal frameworks regulating artificial intelligence. It is designed to address the risks associated with AI, setting stringent requirements for AI systems based on their potential for harm. The Act divides AI systems into four risk categories: unacceptable, high, limited, and minimal. High-risk systems, in particular, are subject to strict regulations, including transparency, security, and accountability standards.

This new legal regime covers a broad array of AI applications, from biometric identification and critical infrastructure to healthcare and law enforcement. It mandates thorough documentation, testing, and governance of AI systems to ensure that they are safe, fair, and transparent.

The Role of the AI Act Checker

In response to the growing complexity of compliance, the AI Act Checker was introduced as a regulatory tool to assist companies in evaluating whether their AI systems meet the EU’s stringent requirements. Developed as part of a broader EU initiative to support businesses in complying with the law, this checker allows companies to classify their AI technologies according to risk levels and provides guidance on how to bring their systems into compliance.

The AI Act Checker works by analyzing the functionality and deployment of AI systems within an organization, highlighting areas where the system might fall short of the EU’s standards. For Big Tech firms, whose AI systems are often multi-layered, cross-border, and integrated into billions of users’ daily lives, the checker has revealed significant compliance hurdles.

Big Tech’s Compliance Challenges

1. Managing High-Risk AI Systems

A key challenge for Big Tech companies is the deployment of AI systems that fall into the "high-risk" category. These include facial recognition, credit scoring, and AI used in healthcare or autonomous driving. Under the AI Act, these systems must undergo stringent testing for bias, accuracy, and security. Many of these technologies are integral to Big Tech’s operations, from ad targeting algorithms to AI-powered virtual assistants.

The AI Act Checker has shown that companies like Google and Amazon have multiple high-risk AI applications that may not yet meet the necessary transparency or documentation requirements. For example, AI systems used for biometric identification in facial recognition or automated decision-making tools in recruitment are now subject to rigorous oversight. Companies will need to significantly increase their investments in testing, monitoring, and documenting these systems to avoid heavy fines.

2. Bias and Transparency in AI Algorithms

Another major pitfall for Big Tech is ensuring that their AI systems are free from bias, a core principle of the AI Act. The regulation mandates that companies demonstrate their algorithms are transparent and non-discriminatory, which has been a notorious issue for AI-powered systems in recent years. From facial recognition software that misidentifies individuals based on race to job recruitment algorithms that reinforce gender or racial biases, Big Tech has often been at the center of these controversies.

The AI Act Checker has flagged many of these concerns, indicating that companies may struggle to meet the standards for algorithmic fairness and transparency. Ensuring that AI algorithms are explainable—meaning users and regulators can understand how decisions are made—will require a significant overhaul of how these systems are built and managed.

3. Data Privacy and User Consent

One of the central tenets of the AI Act is its focus on protecting data privacy and ensuring users provide explicit consent for the use of their data in AI systems. Big Tech firms, which process enormous volumes of personal data, will now need to prove that they have obtained proper consent for AI applications that use sensitive data, such as location tracking, health data, or biometric information.

The AI Act Checker has highlighted compliance issues around data usage and user consent. Many AI-driven services, like voice assistants and personalized ad services, rely on massive amounts of personal data, often collected without the level of transparency or user consent now required under the AI Act. Meta, for instance, may face challenges with its AI-powered ad algorithms, which rely heavily on personal data to optimize targeting.

4. Compliance Across Multiple Jurisdictions

For global companies, one of the more complex challenges of the EU AI Act is ensuring compliance across different jurisdictions. While the Act applies to companies offering AI products or services in the EU, it also affects their operations worldwide. Ensuring compliance in the EU, while maintaining operations that may have different standards in the U.S., China, or other regions, will require a delicate balancing act.

Big Tech firms may need to adopt a more global approach to compliance, which could mean adopting EU standards as the default for their AI systems worldwide. This presents logistical and financial challenges, as different regions have varying regulations, and harmonizing AI governance across borders is no small feat.

The Financial and Reputational Impact

Non-compliance with the EU AI Act comes with steep penalties. Companies that fail to meet the regulatory requirements could face fines of up to €30 million or 6% of their annual global revenue, whichever is higher. For Big Tech firms like Google, Meta, and Amazon, this could amount to billions of dollars. Beyond the financial impact, non-compliance could severely damage their reputations, especially given the increasing scrutiny of AI ethics and corporate responsibility.

The EU has positioned itself as a global leader in AI regulation, and other regions, including the United States and Canada, are closely watching how these regulations unfold. Big Tech’s ability to navigate the EU AI Act will likely influence future AI legislation globally, with many countries potentially adopting similar frameworks.

Looking Ahead: What Big Tech Needs to Do

In response to these challenges, Big Tech firms must take proactive steps to address the compliance gaps identified by the AI Act Checker. This will likely include:

1. Enhanced Governance and Oversight: Companies will need to strengthen their internal AI governance, ensuring that systems are regularly tested for compliance, fairness, and transparency.

2. Increased Investment in AI Ethics: Addressing bias, algorithmic transparency, and ethical considerations will require Big Tech to invest heavily in AI research and development, particularly in areas like explainable AI and unbiased decision-making.

3. Cross-Border Coordination: With the global nature of AI, Big Tech firms will need to adopt a cohesive compliance strategy that spans multiple regions, balancing EU requirements with other regulatory frameworks around the world.

4. Public Accountability: To maintain public trust, companies must be more transparent about how they use AI, including clearer disclosures about data usage and the decision-making processes of their AI systems.

    

Conclusion

As the EU AI Act Checker begins revealing the compliance pitfalls faced by Big Tech, it underscores the complexities of integrating AI into business operations while adhering to new and stricter regulations. The road to full compliance will be a challenging one, but for companies that succeed, it presents an opportunity to lead in ethical AI development. For Big Tech, navigating this new regulatory landscape will not only determine their future in Europe but could also set the standard for AI governance globally.

In a significant development in the ongoing patent litigation surrounding vaccine technology, GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) has filed a lawsuit against Moderna, alleging patent infringement related to vaccines for COVID-19 and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). This legal action adds to the increasing number of lawsuits in the competitive landscape of vaccine development, particularly as pharmaceutical companies seek to protect their innovations and intellectual property.

GSK's lawsuit claims that Moderna's vaccines utilize technology covered by GSK's patents without authorization, asserting that this constitutes a violation of their intellectual property rights. The lawsuit not only targets the COVID-19 vaccine but also Moderna’s RSV vaccine, which has gained attention as part of the broader fight against respiratory illnesses.

As the pharmaceutical industry races to develop effective vaccines and therapies for various diseases, patent disputes have become more common. Companies are increasingly vigilant about protecting their innovations, especially following the substantial investments made in research and development during the pandemic.

This lawsuit underscores the fierce competition in the vaccine market and the importance of intellectual property in the pharmaceutical sector. GSK's legal action reflects the growing trend of companies defending their patents as they navigate the complex landscape of vaccine technology and innovation.

Both companies have yet to respond publicly to the lawsuit, and the legal proceedings may take time to unfold. As the case progresses, it could set significant precedents regarding patent rights and the commercialization of vaccine technology in the healthcare industry.

In this rapidly evolving field, stakeholders will be closely monitoring the outcome of this lawsuit and its potential implications for the future of vaccine development and competition among leading pharmaceutical firms.

AED Stablecoin LLC has received in-principle approval from the Central Bank of the UAE to launch its stable digital currency, AE Coin. This initiative marks the introduction of the UAE’s first dirham-backed stablecoin, in line with the country’s progressive vision and the UAE Digital Government Strategy 2025.

Under the Payment Token Services Regulation (Circular No. 2/2024), AED Stablecoin will be licensed to issue this fiat-backed stablecoin. Each AE Coin will be fully supported by the UAE dirham, combining the agility of blockchain technology with the reliability of traditional currency. The introduction of AE Coin aims to facilitate seamless and secure payment solutions while bolstering the UAE's rapidly growing digital economy.

As the first digital currency in the UAE regulated by the Central Bank, AE Coin provides unprecedented credibility and trust. It maintains stability and security through transparent reserves and regular audits, mitigating the volatility typically associated with cryptocurrencies. AE Coin will also integrate with decentralized finance (DeFi) platforms, allowing users to engage in lending, borrowing, and earning interest without intermediaries. The currency employs advanced blockchain technology with multi-layer encryption to ensure all transactions are secure and transparent, adhering to the highest standards of security and compliance.

The roadmap for AE Coin includes plans for secure payment solutions across e-commerce platforms, the introduction of a mobile wallet app for convenient access, and partnerships with merchants to expand digital currency transaction use cases.

Ramez Rafeek, General Manager of AED Stablecoin, expressed excitement about receiving approval from the Central Bank to issue AE Coin. He stated, “As the first stablecoin regulated by the Central Bank, AE Coin will revolutionize the digital currency space by providing financial freedom, unmatched stability, and enhanced security.”

For both businesses and individuals, AE Coin promises a new era of transparent and cost-effective financial services, offering a wide range of applications from payments to decentralized finance solutions. It facilitates fast, low-cost transactions while operating under the strict regulatory oversight of the Central Bank, positioning AE Coin at the forefront of the UAE’s transition to an innovative digital economy.

AE Coin merges stability with security, making it an ideal solution for various use cases. Companies in the UAE can benefit from instant, stable payments using AE Coin, improving cash flow management and reducing transaction costs. Moreover, AE Coin offers individuals a secure and user-friendly digital currency for everyday transactions, simplifying domestic transfers at lower costs compared to traditional banking.

The strategy for AE Coin includes forging partnerships with leading financial institutions, payment gateways, and technology providers to accelerate its adoption. Future objectives entail integration with decentralized applications (dApps) and listings on major cryptocurrency exchanges.

Dubai: A recent incident at a Dubai mall has served as a reminder that keeping lost items is considered a crime under UAE law. The Dubai Police have traced and apprehended a man who took home a gold bracelet that was inadvertently left behind by a woman during her visit to the mall.

The Incident

An Arab woman visited a popular mall in Dubai and later realized that her gold bracelet had gone missing. Concerned, she reported the incident to the mall’s authorities, who in turn contacted the Dubai Police. The police immediately launched an investigation to locate the missing piece of jewelry, valued at a substantial amount.

Using advanced surveillance technology, the police were able to track the movements of a man who found the bracelet and, instead of turning it in, decided to take it home. The man was later apprehended by the authorities.

Legal Obligations in the UAE

According to UAE law, individuals who find lost items are legally required to report them to the relevant authorities within 48 hours. Failing to do so, or keeping the items for personal use, is classified as a crime. In this case, the man who found the bracelet violated the law by not turning the lost item over to mall security or the authorities.

This incident serves as a critical reminder of the legal responsibilities every individual holds when they come across lost items. The Dubai Police have stressed that the law aims to maintain fairness and ensure that people’s lost belongings are returned to them in a timely manner.

Consequences of Keeping Lost Items

Those who fail to report lost items within the designated time frame risk facing legal consequences, including fines and possible imprisonment. The Dubai Police emphasized the importance of honesty and the need to follow the proper procedures in such cases. The authorities urge individuals to turn over any found items to either mall security, police stations, or lost and found departments to avoid legal repercussions.

A Broader Message from the Authorities

This incident is part of a broader effort by Dubai authorities to reinforce the importance of following the law and maintaining a high standard of integrity within the community. The Dubai Police regularly remind residents and visitors that any violation of the law, no matter how minor it may seem, is taken seriously.

The authorities are urging the public to be mindful of their responsibilities and to act in good faith when finding lost items. The timely reporting of lost belongings helps ensure they are returned to their rightful owners, fostering a sense of trust and cooperation in the community.

Conclusion

The Dubai mall incident involving the lost gold bracelet serves as a stark reminder of the legal obligations surrounding lost property in the UAE. While it may seem tempting to keep a found item, doing so can lead to serious legal consequences. The Dubai Police continue to encourage honesty and integrity among the public, reminding everyone to report lost items to the authorities within 48 hours to avoid facing penalties.

The rapid growth of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has significantly impacted industries worldwide, leading to unprecedented innovations and applications. However, this transformation also raises crucial questions about the protection of intellectual property (IP). As AI becomes more sophisticated and integrated into creative and business processes, existing IP laws face challenges in safeguarding the rights of creators, inventors, and owners of intangible assets.

1. AI and Intellectual Property: A Complex Relationship

AI-driven technologies, especially those utilizing machine learning (ML) and deep learning, have the ability to create content autonomously, such as music, literature, art, and even patented inventions. Traditionally, IP laws were designed to protect the rights of human creators and innovators, but AI’s ability to generate creative outputs independently introduces new complexities.

For example, the question of authorship arises: should AI systems, or their developers, be granted IP rights over creations produced by AI? Many jurisdictions, including the US and EU, still recognize human authorship as a fundamental prerequisite for IP protection, making it difficult to grant rights for AI-generated content.

2. Copyright Law and AI-Generated Content

One of the most pressing concerns is in the realm of copyright. Copyright law traditionally protects original works created by human intellect. With AI systems now capable of generating high-quality content, such as art and music, the challenge is determining who owns the rights to these works. Many argue that if AI merely assists a human in creating content, the human should be the rights holder. However, in instances where AI operates independently, a gap in the law emerges.

Solution Pathways: Some legal frameworks propose that AI-generated works should fall into the public domain unless a specific arrangement is made between the AI developer and the user. Others suggest a new form of IP protection tailored to AI-generated content, although this approach requires significant legal reforms.

3. Patents and AI-Driven Innovations

AI’s ability to autonomously invent new products or processes presents a unique challenge in patent law. Traditionally, patents are awarded to human inventors for novel, non-obvious inventions. However, with AI systems capable of discovering new drug formulations, software algorithms, and technological processes, patent offices worldwide are grappling with how to accommodate AI innovations.

The DABUS case, which involved an AI system inventing a food container and a light-emitting device, prompted international debate when patent applications were filed in its name. While South Africa became the first country to grant a patent to an AI-generated invention, other jurisdictions, such as the US, UK, and EU, have rejected such claims, reaffirming that inventorship remains a human-centric concept.

4. Data Ownership and Trade Secrets

AI systems heavily rely on vast datasets to train algorithms and make predictions. The ownership of these datasets raises further IP concerns. Companies that compile large, proprietary datasets often protect them through trade secret laws. However, as AI-driven tools increasingly rely on publicly available data to train their models, disputes over data ownership and usage rights are emerging.

AI’s ability to infer or deduce sensitive information from public data sources further complicates matters, as it risks breaching trade secrets, even if the data used is not directly protected. Protecting proprietary data, algorithms, and processes in an AI-driven world requires revisiting both trade secret and data privacy laws.

5. Challenges of Enforcement and Licensing in AI

Enforcing IP rights in the context of AI is another major challenge. As AI-generated content proliferates, tracking and monitoring unauthorized use of copyrighted material becomes increasingly difficult. The issue is further compounded by the cross-border nature of AI technologies, which often involve multiple jurisdictions with varying IP laws.

Licensing agreements for AI-created content also need revision. For instance, platforms like "Created by Humans" aim to provide a controlled environment where creators can license their work to AI developers, ensuring authors and rights holders maintain control over how their creations are used in AI systems.

6. Reforming IP Laws: The Path Forward

As AI continues to evolve, it is clear that IP laws must adapt to address the new challenges posed by these technologies. Some key areas for reform include:

• Clarifying Authorship: Defining clear rules on the authorship and ownership of AI-generated content is crucial. Legislators should consider new legal categories that address the unique contributions of AI while protecting human creators.
• Updating Patent Laws: Patent systems worldwide may need to evolve to account for AI’s role in the inventive process. This could include recognizing AI as co-inventors or implementing AI-specific patent categories.
• Data Protection Frameworks: Stronger frameworks for data protection and ownership, particularly in relation to the datasets used to train AI, are essential for safeguarding trade secrets and proprietary information.
• Licensing Structures: Introducing standardized licensing models for AI-generated content will help creators maintain control over their works, ensuring fair compensation and proper usage by AI developers.

Conclusion

The intersection of AI and intellectual property law presents both challenges and opportunities. While AI has the potential to drive innovation and creativity to new heights, it is essential to ensure that IP laws evolve to protect the rights of human creators and developers. Governments, industry stakeholders, and legal professionals must collaborate to build frameworks that balance innovation with protection, ensuring that IP rights remain relevant in the age of AI.

Thesis, a cryptocurrency venture studio backed by Andreessen Horowitz, has appointed Katherine Snow as its new general counsel. Snow transitions from her role as chief legal officer at crypto data and research platform Messari, where she led the company’s global legal strategy and policy initiatives.

In her new position at Thesis, Snow will guide the legal team and navigate the regulatory challenges that impact the cryptocurrency and blockchain sectors. Thesis, known for building Bitcoin-related brands, includes platforms like Fold, a payments solution allowing users to spend Bitcoin in everyday transactions. The company is supported by prominent investors, including Fenbush Capital and Polychain Capital.

Matt Luongo, CEO of Thesis, praised Snow's expertise, stating, "Katherine’s deep understanding of fintech and blockchain regulations is crucial as we continue expanding our ecosystem. Her strategic insight will ensure Thesis remains innovative while effectively managing the global regulatory environment."

Snow brings a wealth of experience to Thesis, with nearly three years at Messari and prior roles as associate general counsel at Binance.US and a stint in Cooley’s blockchain and tokenization group. She began her legal career at Sherman & Howard before transitioning into the blockchain space.

Expressing her enthusiasm for the new role, Snow commented, "I’m thrilled to join Thesis at such a critical time for both the company and the blockchain industry. I look forward to helping the team tackle regulatory challenges while pushing forward innovative solutions in decentralized finance."

This move follows other notable appointments in the crypto sector. In August, crypto exchange Bitget appointed former Binance general counsel Hon Ng as its first chief legal officer. After Ng's departure from Binance in July 2023, Eleanor Hughes, a former Skadden Arps lawyer, was promoted to Binance's general counsel, overseeing legal operations in the Asia Pacific, Middle East, and North Africa regions.

In an increasingly digital world, banks play a crucial role in safeguarding customers' financial information and ensuring secure transactions. However, when breaches occur, banks may be held liable in certain situations, particularly when negligence or lack of due diligence leads to financial losses. Below are 10 scenarios where banks can be held accountable for breaches on customer accounts.

1. Processing Unauthorized Transactions One of the most common instances of bank liability is when unauthorized transactions occur in a customer’s account. If a bank processes transactions without the account holder's approval or knowledge, it could be held responsible for the resulting financial loss. Banks have a duty to verify and authenticate transactions, and failure to do so can lead to legal consequences.
2. Failure to Secure Customer Data Banks are required to ensure that customers' sensitive data, including personal identification information and account details, are protected from unauthorized access. In cases where a bank’s security system is compromised, leading to identity theft or other forms of fraud, the bank may be held liable for failing to secure this data adequately.
3. Delayed Notification of Suspicious Activity Banks have an obligation to monitor accounts for unusual or suspicious activities. If a bank detects suspicious behavior but delays in notifying the customer, and this delay leads to further losses, the bank can be held accountable. Timely notifications are critical in preventing significant financial damage.
4. Inadequate Protection Against Cyberattacks In today’s cyber threat landscape, robust security systems are essential for protecting customer accounts. Banks that fail to implement sufficient cybersecurity measures, leaving customer accounts vulnerable to hacking or phishing attacks, can be held liable for the resulting breaches and financial losses.
5. Misuse of Customer Funds by Bank Employees In some cases, bank employees may misuse customer funds, whether through fraud, theft, or other unlawful actions. Banks are liable for the actions of their employees, especially if proper oversight and internal controls are not in place to prevent such incidents.
6. Lack of Security in Online Banking With the rise of online banking, ensuring secure digital transactions is crucial. If a bank does not provide adequate security measures, such as multi-factor authentication or encryption, to protect online transactions, it could be liable for any breaches that result in financial harm to the customer.
7. Inaccurate Reporting of Account Balances Errors in reporting account balances can result in financial losses, particularly if customers rely on incorrect information to make financial decisions. Banks can be held liable if inaccurate reporting of balances leads to significant financial consequences for the account holder.
8. Allowing Unauthorized Access to Third Parties Banks are responsible for preventing unauthorized access to customer accounts by third parties. If a bank allows a third party to gain access to an account without the customer's permission or due process, it may be held liable for any losses resulting from this breach.
9. Failure to Investigate and Resolve Customer Complaints When a customer files a complaint regarding suspicious activity or a breach on their account, the bank is obligated to investigate and resolve the issue promptly. Failure to do so may result in further financial losses for the customer and legal liability for the bank.
10. Violation of Customer Privacy Rights Banks must uphold customer privacy rights under local laws and regulations. If a bank violates these rights, such as by disclosing private information without consent or mishandling confidential data, it can be held liable for the financial and reputational damage caused to the customer.

Conclusion

Banks have a duty to protect their customers' financial information and ensure that their accounts are secure from breaches. Failure to fulfill these responsibilities can expose banks to legal liabilities and financial penalties. Customers who suffer from account breaches should be aware of their rights and the circumstances in which banks can be held accountable. By recognizing these situations, both customers and financial institutions can work toward reducing the risk of breaches and maintaining trust in the banking system.

The National Labour Relations Board in the complaint announced claims on tech giant Apple of implementing illegal workplace rules that allegedly violate U.S. labour laws. The complaint stems from charges filed against Apple in 2021 by Ashley Gjovik, a former senior engineering manager at the company., claims that Apple’s workplace policies restrict employees from engaging in activities protected under federal law, such as discussing wages, organizing efforts, and other concerted activities.

The NLRB's investigation began after multiple employee complaints were filed, raising concerns about Apple’s strict confidentiality agreements and its monitoring of workplace discussions. 

According to the labor board, these policies hinder workers' rights to unionize or speak openly about working conditions. The accusations follow a growing wave of labor movements in the tech industry, where workers are increasingly organizing to push for better pay, benefits, and work-life balance.

Apple, which has a reputation for maintaining a high level of secrecy surrounding its products and internal affairs, has found itself at odds with employees and labor rights advocates. In response, the company has defended its workplace policies, stating that they are designed to protect proprietary information and ensure a safe and respectful working environment.

"Apple is committed to creating and maintaining a positive and inclusive workplace," said a company spokesperson. "Our policies are intended to protect our employees, customers, and intellectual property."

This is not the first time Apple has faced scrutiny over its treatment of workers. In recent years, the company has seen a rise in employee activism, with workers at retail locations and corporate offices alike pushing for improved conditions and greater transparency.

The NLRB’s complaint marks another chapter in the ongoing battle between tech workers and major companies over labor rights. If found in violation of labor laws, Apple could be required to revise its workplace policies and potentially face penalties.

The case is expected to set a significant precedent for other companies in the tech sector, where employee organizing efforts are gaining momentum despite strict confidentiality policies. As the NLRB moves forward with the investigation, labor rights groups are closely watching how the case unfolds, as it may have broader implications for labor organizing across the industry.

The outcome of the NLRB's investigation into Apple's workplace policies could have far-reaching consequences for both the company and the broader tech industry. As labor movements gain strength and more employees push back against restrictive workplace rules, the case serves as a reminder of the growing tension between corporate control and workers' rights. Whether Apple will be required to change its practices remains to be seen, but the case is likely to set a significant precedent for how labor laws are enforced in the tech sector moving forward.

Eviction is a legal process that occurs when a landlord decides to terminate a tenancy agreement, requiring the tenant to vacate the rental property. In Dubai, the Real Estate Regulatory Agency (RERA) plays a crucial role in regulating this process, ensuring fair treatment for both landlords and tenants. This article delves into the legal framework surrounding eviction notices in Dubai, using the recent case of The Gardens community as a focal point.

The Gardens Community: A Case of Eviction Notices

The Gardens, one of Dubai's oldest residential communities, became the centre of an emotional and legal conflict following the issuance of eviction notices by Nakheel, the property developer overseeing the area. Nakheel initiated a comprehensive refurbishment project to elevate living standards within The Gardens. However, this development led to hundreds of tenants receiving eviction notices, requiring them to vacate their apartments within a year. The notices, delivered in phases starting with Zone 2, left residents with limited time to find alternative housing, triggering widespread concern.

Legal Grounds for Eviction in Dubai

The legal basis for eviction in Dubai is outlined in two main provisions, Law No. 26 of 2007 and Law 33 of 2008, which amend Law No. 26 of 2007 concerning the regulation of the relationship between landlords and tenants. This law permits landlords to evict tenants under specific conditions, provided they adhere to the proper notice requirements.

• Redevelopment or Refurbishment

A landlord in Dubai has the legal right to evict tenants if they plan to demolish the building or undertake significant renovations that cannot be completed with the tenants in residence. However, these plans require prior approval from local authorities to ensure compliance with regulatory standards. In the case of The Gardens, Nakheel's decision to refurbish the community falls under this category, as the planned renovations are extensive and necessitate the eviction of current residents.

• Non-Payment of Rent

Tenants can also face eviction if they consistently fail to pay rent as the tenancy agreement stipulates. While this was not the reason for eviction in The Gardens, it remains one of the most common grounds for eviction across Dubai. The law mandates landlords provide 30 days written notice, allowing tenants a reasonable period to rectify the payment issue before further legal action is taken.

• Breach of Contract

Eviction may be warranted if a tenant breaches the terms and conditions outlined in the rental agreement. This can include subletting without permission, making unauthorized alterations to the property, or using the property for purposes not agreed upon in the contract. The eviction process under this ground requires the landlord to issue a formal notice, allowing the tenant to resolve the breach before proceeding with eviction.

• Personal Use by Landlord

Landlords have the right to evict tenants if they or their immediate family members intend to use the property for personal purposes, provided they do not own another property in Dubai. Following the eviction, the landlord or their family must occupy the property for at least two years. This ensures that the claim of personal use is genuine and not a pretext for other intentions, such as selling the property immediately after eviction.

• Selling the Property

If a landlord decides to sell the property, they may also issue an eviction notice to the tenant. The landlord must follow the stipulated 12-month notice period, which must be served through a notary public or registered post. This allows tenants sufficient time to secure alternative accommodation.

Eviction Notice Process in Dubai

The eviction process in Dubai follows a structured procedure to ensure fairness. Initially, the landlord must serve a written notice to the tenant, clearly stating the reason for eviction and the required notice period. For redevelopment, refurbishment, or sale of property, the notice period is 12 months. This notice must be delivered through official channels, such as a notary public or registered mail, to be legally binding.

If the tenant fails to comply with the eviction notice, the landlord can escalate the matter to the Rental Dispute Settlement Centre (RDSC). The RDSC plays a pivotal role in mediating disputes between landlords and tenants. Should mediation fail, the case may proceed to a formal hearing, where the committee will issue a judgment based on the case's merits and applicable laws.

Comparing The Gardens Case with Dubai's Legal Framework

The Gardens eviction case is emblematic of the broader legal and emotional challenges tenants across Dubai face. While Nakheel's decision to evict tenants for refurbishment aligns with the legal grounds outlined in Dubai's rental laws, the impact on the tenants has been profound. The 12-month notice period, while legally sufficient, did little to alleviate the anxiety and financial strain experienced by the residents who had to leave their long-established homes and communities.

The legal framework in Dubai attempts to balance the rights of landlords with the protections afforded to tenants. However, the case of The Gardens highlights that legal compliance only sometimes equates to fairness from the tenant's perspective. The eviction process, though conducted within the bounds of the law, has resulted in significant disruption for the affected residents. 

The actual grey area in this situation is where the middle-class families that live in this area, considering that several families have stayed here for decades due to the lower rents and convenience. When the landlord is granted with such power, asking the families to evict their houses without providing any form of alternatives really makes you question whether justice has been truly served. In the eyes of the law, justice has been served; however, for the hundreds of families who have seen these buildings as their homes, has justice been truly served?

Understanding the Legal and Emotional Complexities of Eviction

The eviction process in Dubai is governed by clear legal principles designed to protect both landlords and tenants. However, as seen in the case of The Gardens community, the legal right to evict does not necessarily mitigate the emotional and practical challenges tenants face. While property development is essential for the growth of cities like Dubai, such progress mustn't come at the expense of the well-being of residents.

Understanding the legal framework is essential for landlords and tenants navigating the complexities of eviction. Seeking legal advice ensures that the process is conducted fairly and within the boundaries of the law. However, it is equally important to consider the human impact of eviction and strive for solutions that respect the rights and needs of all parties involved.

The writer is a Real Estate Lawyer from NYK Law firm, specializes in Resolving Real estate disputes.

A new initiative in Dubai will provide every newborn with a "learner’s passport" to track their educational journey and support parents in making informed decisions about their child's education. The Knowledge and Human Development Authority (KHDA) announced this as part of the 'Education Strategy 2033'. The system, in collaboration with the Dubai Health Authority, aims to guarantee every child's right to education.

Aisha Miran, KHDA's Director-General, emphasized that the learner’s passport will register children of school-going age and monitor their enrollment. The system will help identify children who have not yet joined school, ensuring immediate action is taken to prevent any from missing out on education.

“When a child is born, they are added to the system, giving us a clear understanding of available educational stages. Information about nurseries and early learning centers will also be provided,” Miran explained. She highlighted that the current enrolment rate of Emirati children in early childhood centers is below the global average, affecting their academic growth. "Scientific studies show that 90 percent of a child’s brain development happens between zero to five years, making this a critical stage that shapes their future academic success."

The learner’s passport will also provide parents with comprehensive information about the educational paths available, including both academic and vocational options, helping them make more informed choices for their children.

Key Focus of 'Education Strategy 2033'

The strategy outlines several important goals:

• Parental Awareness: Educating parents about their roles and available educational options.
• Teacher Development: Enhancing teachers' skills with modern training to improve the quality of education.
• Diverse Educational Pathways: Offering multiple academic and vocational options to align with labor market demands.
• Early Field Training: Providing students with practical experiences to prepare them for the workforce.
• Tailored Education Plans: Individual assessments to support students' needs.
• Cultural and Language Preservation: Promoting the Arabic language and cultural identity while addressing the decline in Arabic proficiency among children.
• Improving Emirati Student Performance: Addressing the lower academic performance of Emirati students compared to non-Emiratis.
• Nationalising Teaching: Increasing the number of Emirati teachers by 10%, adding around 3,000 teachers.

The strategy also addresses the challenge of rising school fees, which has impacted access to quality education for many families.

Collective Effort for Better Education

Miran stressed the need for collaboration, engaging parents as key partners in the educational process. Awareness programs will empower parents to support their children's learning journey.

Since KHDA’s restructuring in 2005, Dubai’s educational system has seen significant progress. The number of schools has grown from 136 in 2007 to over 220, now serving more than 32,500 students in private education. Miran noted that 81% of students in private schools now receive a good or higher standard of education, a sharp increase from just 30% in 2007.

The 'Education Strategy 2033' aims to elevate education quality and meet the needs of Dubai’s diverse community, further enhancing the city’s global standing in education.

In today’s economic climate, debt has become a significant burden for many individuals, especially young adults. From mounting student loans to high-interest credit card balances and the rising cost of living, debt can feel overwhelming and, at times, impossible to overcome. But in the face of these challenges, a growing movement of people is embracing a debt-free revolution, determined to reclaim their financial freedom through strategic planning, disciplined spending, and a mindset shift toward financial independence.

The Burden of Debt

Debt impacts much more than just your bank balance. It affects life choices, from delaying marriage and homeownership to limiting career opportunities. According to a recent survey, young adults are increasingly concerned about their financial futures, with many unable to see a path to debt elimination. Student loans, in particular, have reached all-time highs, with many graduates leaving school with tens of thousands of dollars to repay.

Credit card debt adds another layer of complexity. The ease of access to credit cards, coupled with high-interest rates, often leads individuals into a vicious cycle of debt that is difficult to escape. Meanwhile, rising living costs, especially in urban centers, stretch personal finances even further, making it harder to save or pay down debt.

Strategies for Overcoming Debt

Achieving financial freedom and overcoming the debt dilemma begins with adopting a comprehensive strategy that addresses both the psychological and financial aspects of debt management. Here’s how young adults are tackling their debt and setting themselves up for a brighter financial future:

1. Create a Detailed Budget

The foundation of any successful debt repayment plan is a clear understanding of your income and expenses. Creating a budget allows you to track your spending habits and identify areas where you can cut back. A well-thought-out budget should account for all essential expenses, such as housing, food, transportation, and minimum debt payments, while leaving room for discretionary spending.

Once you have a budget in place, allocate any surplus income toward paying down debt. A popular strategy is the 50/30/20 rule, where 50% of income is spent on needs, 30% on wants, and 20% is allocated to savings and debt repayment. Adjust this ratio as needed to ensure you are aggressively tackling your debt.

2. Adopt the Debt Snowball or Avalanche Method

There are two primary approaches to paying off debt: the Debt Snowball and the Debt Avalanche methods.

• Debt Snowball: Focus on paying off your smallest debts first while making minimum payments on larger debts. This method builds momentum and boosts motivation as you experience quick wins by eliminating smaller balances.
• Debt Avalanche: Prioritize debts with the highest interest rates. By tackling high-interest debt first, you save money in the long run by reducing the total amount of interest you’ll pay over time.

Both methods are effective, and the best approach depends on your personal preferences. Those motivated by quick results might prefer the Snowball method, while others who want to save on interest should choose the Avalanche method.

3. Refinance or Consolidate Debt

Debt consolidation can simplify your repayment process by combining multiple debts into a single loan with a lower interest rate. This is particularly useful for those with high-interest credit card debt. Personal loans or balance transfer credit cards can be good options to consolidate debt, often offering promotional low-interest periods that allow you to pay down the principal faster.

For student loans, refinancing may also be an option. Many private lenders offer lower interest rates compared to federal loans, but refinancing federal loans into private loans may result in losing certain benefits, such as income-driven repayment plans or loan forgiveness options. Make sure to weigh the pros and cons before making any changes.

4. Increase Your Income

In some cases, eliminating debt quickly requires increasing your income. Consider taking on a side job or freelance work to boost your earnings. Gig economy jobs such as ridesharing, freelance writing, or tutoring can provide extra cash that can be funneled directly toward your debt.

Additionally, ask for a raise at your current job or look for opportunities for career advancement that come with a higher salary. The extra income can significantly accelerate your debt repayment and bring you closer to financial independence.

5. Cut Unnecessary Expenses

Achieving financial freedom often requires sacrifices. Cutting back on non-essential spending can free up more money for debt repayment. This could mean reducing dining out, canceling unused subscriptions, or opting for cheaper alternatives to your regular expenses. Every dollar saved can be used to pay down debt faster.

Consider lifestyle changes that align with your financial goals, such as downsizing your living arrangements, carpooling, or adopting a minimalist mindset to avoid impulse purchases. The key is to stay disciplined and focus on the bigger picture of becoming debt-free.

6. Seek Professional Guidance

If your debt feels unmanageable, seeking professional help may be a wise decision. Financial advisors or credit counseling agencies can help you create a debt management plan tailored to your situation. In some cases, debt settlement programs can negotiate with creditors to lower your outstanding balances or interest rates.

7. Emergency Savings Fund

While it may seem counterintuitive, setting aside money for an emergency fund can be crucial in managing debt. An emergency fund prevents you from relying on credit cards or loans in case of unexpected expenses like medical bills or car repairs. Aim to save at least three to six months' worth of living expenses to provide a cushion for life's uncertainties.

The Importance of a Debt-Free Mindset

Overcoming debt is not just about numbers; it also requires a shift in mindset. Adopting a long-term approach to financial wellness and viewing debt elimination as a stepping stone to financial independence is key to staying motivated. Embrace the debt-free revolution by focusing on building healthy financial habits, such as living below your means, saving consistently, and making informed financial decisions.

The psychological benefits of being debt-free are profound. Many individuals report feeling less stressed and more empowered to make life choices without the burden of debt weighing them down. Financial freedom opens the door to opportunities like traveling, starting a business, or investing for the future.

Planning for a Debt-Free Future

Once you’ve tackled your debt, it’s important to plan for a financially stable future. Start by setting aside money for retirement, investing in assets that grow in value, and building your wealth through diversified investments such as stocks, real estate, or mutual funds.

Achieving financial independence is a journey, and staying debt-free requires ongoing discipline. Commit to living within your means, saving for future goals, and continually educating yourself about personal finance.

Conclusion

The debt-free revolution is not just a trend but a necessary shift in the way we approach our financial lives. Overcoming student loans, credit card balances, and rising living costs can seem daunting, but with a clear plan, disciplined spending, and a strong mindset, it is entirely achievable. By following these strategies, you can conquer your debt, reclaim your financial freedom, and lay the foundation for a prosperous future.

The European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) has delivered a unanimous ruling against Russia, finding the country responsible for systematic human rights violations in Crimea since 2014. The court's decision marks a significant international condemnation of Russia’s actions in Crimea, following its annexation of the region from Ukraine.
In its ruling, the ECHR outlined multiple violations, including unlawful arrests, restrictions on freedom of speech, and discrimination against ethnic minorities, particularly Crimean Tatars. The court found that Russia had systematically failed to uphold the basic human rights of Crimean residents, violating several articles of the European Convention on Human Rights.
This verdict follows years of international criticism regarding Russia’s control over Crimea and its impact on the region’s population. Human rights organizations and international observers have long documented abuses, including suppression of political dissent, unjust imprisonment, and the targeting of ethnic and religious groups who opposed Russia’s occupation.
The ECHR ruling is significant as it reinforces the broader international stance that Russia’s annexation of Crimea was unlawful and that the treatment of residents under its control violates international law. The court’s decision adds legal weight to the numerous reports and investigations that have highlighted the severe human rights situation in Crimea.
While the ruling is a symbolic victory for human rights advocates and Ukraine, enforcing the decision remains a challenge. Russia is not a member of the European Court of Human Rights, having exited the jurisdiction after widespread international sanctions were imposed following its 2022 invasion of Ukraine. As a result, while the court’s ruling is a powerful condemnation, its practical implications may be limited in compelling Russia to change its policies in Crimea.
Nonetheless, the ruling underscores the continued international pressure on Russia to account for its actions in Crimea and the broader conflict in Ukraine, maintaining the focus on the human rights violations occurring under its occupation.

The 'Buy Now, Pay Later' (BNPL) trend, initially popularized for retail purchases such as smartphones and clothing, is now expanding to cover a wider range of financial needs in the UAE. Cost-conscious consumers can now access easier instalment-based payment options on rent, remittances, and even home renovations, providing relief amidst softer consumer spending trends.

Pay Later for Home Rentals

In a significant development for UAE tenants, a property portal announced this week that it is collaborating with select estate agents to offer tenants the flexibility of paying their annual rents in 12 monthly instalments. Previously, tenants were often required to pay rents in bulk through a few post-dated cheques, which could be financially burdensome.

Now, with the new instalment option, renters can spread out their payments using credit or debit cards over the course of the year. This initiative is currently available in Dubai, though there are plans to expand this service to other emirates soon. The portal has partnered with landlords, ensuring that property owners receive the full rent upfront through a third-party financing platform, Keyper, while tenants enjoy the benefit of smaller, manageable payments.

This move is expected to provide much-needed financial flexibility for tenants, particularly as living expenses and the cost of home rentals remain a significant portion of household budgets in the UAE.

Pay Later for Remittances

In addition to rent payments, the BNPL trend is also making waves in the remittance sector. UAE residents, particularly expatriates who frequently send money to their home countries, can now choose instalment payment options for their remittances.

This ‘pay later’ option is aimed at easing the financial burden on individuals sending large sums, especially during peak remittance periods like holidays or when families back home require urgent financial assistance. This innovative offering is poised to make financial planning easier for expats, helping them manage both their household expenses and overseas obligations more effectively.

Home Renovations Made Easier

The BNPL model is also extending into the home renovation sector, offering homeowners the flexibility to undertake improvements without facing immediate financial strain. With instalment plans, homeowners can now finance renovations—whether upgrading their kitchens, installing new furnishings, or undertaking structural improvements—while spreading out the cost over several months.

This development is expected to boost the local home renovation market, allowing residents to pursue their home improvement goals without dipping into savings or taking out large loans. As the UAE continues to witness a growing interest in property investments and home upgrades, this option could encourage more people to invest in enhancing their living spaces.

Adapting to Consumer Needs

The expansion of BNPL options to essential financial obligations like rent, remittances, and renovations reflects an evolving consumer landscape in the UAE. With inflationary pressures and fluctuating consumer spending trends, the availability of flexible payment solutions is likely to gain further traction. For many consumers, the ability to split significant expenses into smaller, interest-free payments offers a way to manage personal finances more effectively and make larger purchases more accessible.

The emergence of BNPL solutions in sectors beyond retail shows that companies are responding to the demand for more consumer-friendly financial tools. Whether it's monthly rent or sending money abroad, these options enable individuals to maintain better control over their cash flow without sacrificing their financial goals.

Market Growth and Future Prospects

Experts predict that the BNPL sector will continue to expand as more industries look to capitalize on its popularity. While the service is currently more widely adopted in Dubai, its expansion to other emirates could see rapid growth, driven by consumer demand for greater financial flexibility. Moreover, the UAE's fast-growing digital economy, coupled with high levels of smartphone usage, makes it an ideal market for BNPL services to thrive.

The convenience and ease of BNPL options are reshaping how people manage their financial commitments, and with the continued rise of fintech solutions, UAE residents can expect to see even more payment flexibility in the future.

Conclusion

As 'Buy Now, Pay Later' services move beyond traditional retail into essential expenses like rent, remittances, and home renovations, UAE consumers are gaining access to more manageable, flexible payment solutions. This growing trend reflects both an adaptation to changing consumer needs and a response to economic pressures, offering individuals greater control over their financial lives.

With further expansion planned across the UAE, the pay later movement is set to become an integral part of the country's financial ecosystem, providing consumers with enhanced options to ease their financial burdens and pursue their goals.

Businesses in the UAE are currently navigating the relatively new corporate tax regime, with many still in the process of registering or preparing for their first filings. However, for companies that were incorporated in June 2023, the deadline to file their first corporate tax returns is approaching fast—September 30, 2024.

This marks an important milestone in the UAE's corporate tax landscape, as it represents the first round of returns to be filed by companies operating under the new regulations, which were announced last year. The majority of businesses in the UAE will not need to file their tax returns until later in 2025 for the financial year 2024. But for those incorporated in June 2023, the deadline comes sooner—just 12 months after their incorporation date.

Corporate Tax Landscape in the UAE

The introduction of corporate tax in the UAE is a significant shift from the country’s previous tax-free regime, aimed at enhancing its global standing and ensuring sustainable growth. The tax applies to most businesses operating within the UAE, with a rate of 9% on profits exceeding AED 375,000. Small businesses and startups are given some leeway, with various reliefs and exemptions available depending on their size, revenue, and industry.

Freelancers, for example, have been given an extended deadline to register for corporate tax, allowing more time to adjust to the new requirements. Similarly, small businesses are offered a three-year tax relief to help them ease into the tax system, as the UAE seeks to promote entrepreneurship while still ensuring compliance with the broader corporate tax regulations.

Preparing for the Deadline

Businesses incorporated in June 2023 should already have undergone the necessary steps for tax registration, which includes obtaining a Tax Registration Number (TRN) and maintaining proper financial records in accordance with the regulations. If not yet completed, companies are urged to finalize their registrations as quickly as possible, as the Federal Tax Authority (FTA) imposes penalties for late filings or non-compliance.

For those businesses approaching the September 30 deadline, it's essential to ensure that all relevant financial information is prepared and accurate. The returns will need to include details of the company’s revenue, deductible expenses, and taxable profits. It’s also vital to be aware of any specific tax exemptions or deductions that could apply based on the industry or business structure.

Companies should also be aware of their record-keeping obligations, as tax authorities may audit businesses to verify the accuracy of their filings. Maintaining clear and organized financial records, including receipts, invoices, and statements, is essential for long-term compliance under the new corporate tax laws.

Legal Implications for Non-Compliance

Failure to comply with the UAE’s corporate tax requirements can lead to serious consequences, including financial penalties and potential legal action. The FTA has set out specific penalties for businesses that fail to register for corporate tax or file their returns by the stipulated deadline. These penalties range from AED 500 to AED 50,000, depending on the severity and duration of the non-compliance. In extreme cases, repeat offenders may face additional sanctions, including business suspensions.

Moving Forward

As more businesses in the UAE become accustomed to the new corporate tax framework, the key focus remains on compliance and proper financial management. Companies that miss this September 30 deadline or those that neglect to register for corporate tax may find themselves facing hefty fines or legal complications. For those that have already completed their filings, it serves as a first step in adapting to the UAE’s evolving regulatory environment.

The corporate tax regime is designed to ensure long-term economic stability while fostering a fair and transparent business environment. Companies that invest time and effort into compliance will be better positioned to navigate future regulatory changes, ensuring sustainable growth in the UAE’s dynamic market.

His Highness Sheikh Dr. Sultan bin Muhammad Al Qasimi, Ruler of Sharjah and Member of the Supreme Council, has issued a new rental law requiring landlords in the emirate to ratify rental contracts within 15 days of issuance. This law applies to properties leased for residential, commercial, industrial, or professional purposes in Sharjah.

Under the new regulations, if a landlord fails to ratify a lease contract within the stipulated period, the tenant can petition the judge of urgent matters to compel the landlord to certify the contract, according to the Sharjah Government Media Office. If the contract is not ratified by the municipality or relevant authorities, the landlord will face an administrative fine as outlined by the law's executive regulations, in addition to the standard certification fees.

The law further grants the municipality the authority to request a judge to obligate the landlord to ratify the lease and pay any associated fees and fines.

Written or Electronic Contracts Required

Both landlords and tenants are required to execute rental agreements in writing or electronically, using forms approved by the Executive Council of Sharjah. If a lease contract is not certified, either party may file a lawsuit with the Rental Disputes Centre. The landlord must pay the certification fees after confirming the lease's validity.

Landlord's Responsibilities

The law outlines several key obligations for landlords:

• Delivery of Property: Hand over the rented property in a suitable condition for its intended use without hindrances throughout the lease period.
• Maintenance: Conduct necessary maintenance unless otherwise agreed upon in the contract.
• Approval for Modifications: Provide written consent if the tenant wishes to make interior design changes or carry out other modifications, provided these do not affect the property’s structure.
• Tenant Protection: Ensure the tenant is not harassed or pressured to vacate the property, nor subjected to disruptions in services.
• Return of Security Deposit: Return any security deposits upon termination of the lease unless deductions are necessary for damages caused by the tenant.

Tenant's Responsibilities

Tenants, under the new law, have several obligations, including:

• Timely Rent Payment: Pay rent on agreed-upon dates.
• Property Use: Use the property in accordance with the lease agreement.
• Modifications: Obtain written permission before making any changes to the property.
• Maintenance: Carry out routine maintenance, unless otherwise specified in the contract, and allow the landlord to perform necessary repairs.
• Service Payments: Cover any damages caused and pay for services used during the lease term.

Exemptions from the Law

Certain properties are exempt from the new regulations, including:

• Agricultural lands.
• Properties granted by the government for residential purposes unless privately owned.
• Properties provided by employers to house employees without rent.
• Hotel and tourist facility properties rented exclusively to guests.
• Properties located in free zones.
• Properties governed by special decisions of the Sharjah Executive Council.

This law marks a significant shift in Sharjah’s rental landscape, ensuring greater accountability for landlords and providing additional protection for tenants in the emirate.

Introduction

The rapid adoption and development of cryptocurrencies in the UAE are taking the country into the global map of being one of the big players in the digital finance markets. However, with this fast growth, the region is also experiencing a considerable increase in the number of scams regarding cryptocurrencies, particularly Tether (USDT)—the largest stablecoin in the world.

These scams have exploited regulatory loopholes and have gone after both individuals and businesses—both with major financial implications for all those involved. This article is a case study that will serve to investigate the nature of USDT scams in the UAE, legal frameworks within which these activities are going on, and necessary steps that need to be taken in order to improve regulatory oversight.

USDT Scams in the UAE Explained

UAE USDT scams have taken various forms, from simple phishing and fake investment opportunities to complex over-the-counter trading scams. Frauds in these types of scams usually trick victims into transferring USDT to wallets controlled by the scammers: many times in the form of high-return investment opportunities or as part of fake business transactions.

One of the most common methods is through a phishing scam, whereby unsuspecting victims receive fraudulent emails or messages purporting to be from legitimate cryptocurrency exchanges or wallets. These kinds of messages are often chock-full of links to false websites that are programmed to siphon off login credentials and clean out accounts. Another is the fake wallet scam, where scammers design fake wallet applications that appear genuine but are booby-trapped to harvest private keys and siphon off USDT from users.

More elaborate frauds are those of the over-the-counter trading scams that involve an impersonation as a broker or the middleman in huge USDT transactions. Most of these scams have very elaborate schemes where a victim is given a sense of security, and then the money is stolen in the process of transactions.

Legal System of Cryptocurrency in the UAE

UAE being a country of great potential about blockchain and cryptocurrency technology has been seen taking some significant moves to regulate the crypto industry. However, with the rapid evolution of the crypto space, challenges have emerged for regulators in keeping pace with the emerging threats, such as the rise in USDT scams.

What Regulation for Stablecoins, and What Impact on USDT?

This is the most recent regulation by the UAE Central Bank, which comes into effect by June 2023, posing quite a shift in the legal landscape for stablecoins like USDT. Only dirham-backed stablecoins will be allowed to do payments for the purchase of goods and services in the UAE according to this new regulation. As USDT is a US dollar-backed stablecoin, it does not feature in such transactions within the UAE.

However, virtual asset transactions remain permissible only for such purposes as the use of USDT and other foreign payment tokens to purchase non-fungible tokens (NFTs). This regulatory approach will be oriented toward bringing more structure and coherence into the market, thereby increasing the security of FinTech interactions with VASPs and protecting consumers from threats that might arise from unregulated stablecoins.

To operate or deal with Tether (USDT) in Dubai, businesses must comply with regulations set by several key authorities.

Dubai Multi Commodities Centre (DMCC) offers licenses for trading and managing crypto assets, including USDT. The DMCC Crypto License ensures companies adhere to strict compliance and anti-money laundering standards.

Dubai Virtual Assets Regulatory Authority (VARA) specifically oversees virtual assets, including USDT, and issues licenses for activities such as trading and custody.

Central Bank of the UAE provides guidelines for licensed financial institutions dealing with virtual assets, ensuring broader financial system stability.

To legally deal with USDT in Dubai, businesses must engage with these authorities to obtain the appropriate licenses, depending on their specific activities.

Regulators were very categorical that all Crypto Asset Service Providers (CASPs) must register with relevant authorities and have obligations under KYC satisfied. This regulation is very important because it minimizes risks that can be associated with cryptocurrency being used in money laundering or fraud activities. While these measures are in place, USDT scams often seek to exploit the loopholes in the system, more so in most of the transactions being conducted outside regulated exchanges. The anonymity that comes with cryptocurrencies and the transactions being across borders make it quite hard for governments and agencies to trace, much less bring, the stolen assets back.

Dubai Financial Services Authority (DFSA) and Abu Dhabi Global Market (ADGM) Regulations

Also, the Dubai Financial Services Authority and the Abu Dhabi Global Market have moved to regulate the cryptocurrencies in their respective jurisdictions. For example, the DFSA has enacted a new framework for digital assets, including cryptocurrencies, to ensure protection for investors as well as market integrity.

In 2021, the DFSA issued the Consultation Paper 138 dealing with the regulation of security tokens, providing for regulation concerning cryptocurrencies like USDT. Such a framework mandates that firms providing activities in digital assets must be licensed by the DFSA and be subject to stringent regulatory requirements, including obligations for AML/CTF.

In the same vein, a very detailed regulatory framework for digital assets has been developed under the Abu Dhabi Global Market by the Financial Services Regulatory Authority (FSRA). It mandates every entity participating in crypto asset activities to be licensed and follow strict regulatory standards. This involves maintaining high cybersecurity and ensuring that all operations are run transparently and traceable.

Criminal Code and Cybercrime Legislation

The UAE legal framework also contains provisions under the UAE Penal Code and the Cybercrime Law against combating fraud, including those perpetrated through digital means like cryptocurrency. In particular, Article 399 of the UAE Penal Code provides strict punishment for fraud, either by incarcerating a criminal up to two years along with fines. Moreover, the New UAE Cybercrime Law of 2021 provides for severe penalties for those who scam cryptocurrencies: they may be imprisoned for up to five years and fined anything between Dh250,000 and Dh1 million.

Legal Recourse of USDT Scam Victims

Victims of USDT scams in the UAE have several legal channels open to them for the recovery of their funds, but with the nature of cryptocurrency transactions, it is hard.

Civil Litigation and Criminal Prosecution

The victims can sue in the civil court for compensation of their losses against the scam perpetrators. This, in most cases, involves proving that the defendant was involved in some fraudulent activity and that the victim actually suffered moneywise from it. Such, according to UAE law, can be presented in the civil courts where the affected persons can sue for damages.

Another avenue of remedy is criminal prosecution, especially for large-scale fraud and money laundering. The UAE has strict anti-fraud laws, and the punishments meted out to convicted persons are usually strict, including lengthy jail terms and hefty fines. Article 399 of the UAE Penal Code is one of the statutes that aid in the prosecution of fraudsters.

Challenges in Recovering Funds

Being decentralized and anonymous, recovery of lost funds in a USDT scam can be an arduous task. The very nature of transactions in cryptocurrencies is such that they cannot be changed or reversed, as usual in traditional finance. This means that once the monies are transacted into the scammer's wallet, it may be irrecoverable.

However, the UAE authorities have made an effort to address this problem by collaborating with international law enforcement agencies and blockchain analytics companies to track stolen assets in the hope that bringing the culprits to justice would serve as a deterrent. More so, victims are urged to report scams to the relevant authorities: the UAE Central Bank, the DFSA, or the ADGM, in order to investigate the scams.

Increasing Regulatory Strengthening Actions Against USDT-Scams

Effectively combating the scams of USDT and providing protection to investors from the UAE would mean enhancing the regulatory framework, improving the enforcement mechanism, and may include:

1. Strengthen KYC and AML Requirements: Ensure that any crypto transaction, especially for large amounts of money, is put through stringent KYC and AML requirements. That would somewhat help in people not being able to misuse those KYC and AML identification processes used to avoid being screened for fraud.
2. Increased Monitoring of OTC Activities: Since the nature of activities in the OTC market is quite high risk, there is a need for regulators to impose more strict monitoring over such activities. This may range from requiring reporting of large transactions by OTC desks, ensuring that all parties within such transactions are well vetted, among others.
3. Public Awareness Campaigns: Creating public awareness about the risks associated with the USDT scam and how to stay safe. Public awareness campaigns would likely reduce the number of victims and discourage these scammers from operating in the country.
4. Collaboration with International Authorities: As cryptocurrency scams are happening on a global scale, the UAE should continue to coordinate with international agencies and try to locate the fraudsters to recover the funds stolen.

Conclusion

The UAE is home to growing USDT scams, allowing culprits to exploit mass adoption in cryptocurrencies and current regulatory loopholes. In spite of all the progress that the UAE has achieved in crypto industry regulation, there remains a lot to achieve for the protection of investors from fraud. With improved measures of regulation, better enforcement, and enhanced public awareness, the UAE can check these risks associated with USDT scams and ensure a safer environment for cryptocurrency transactions.

Johnson & Johnson's subsidiary, Red River Talc, filed for bankruptcy in a bid to secure an $8 billion settlement. This follows over 62,000 lawsuits alleging that J&J's talc products, including baby powder, were contaminated with asbestos, leading to ovarian and other cancers. While J&J denies these claims and asserts product safety, the company is deploying the "Texas two-step" bankruptcy strategy for a third time.

In this manoeuvre, J&J offloaded its talc liabilities to Red River Talc, which then declared bankruptcy under Chapter 11. This allows the company to propose a global settlement while avoiding a direct bankruptcy filing by J&J itself. With 83% of current claimants supporting the deal, J&J aims to resolve these lawsuits in one unified settlement. This marks J&J's third bankruptcy effort after previous attempts were dismissed by federal courts.

The settlement plan focuses on resolving claims tied to ovarian and other gynecological cancers, following earlier settlements regarding mesothelioma claims. Despite gaining significant support, J&J faces continued opposition from some plaintiffs and legal hurdles, including a U.S. Supreme Court ruling on Purdue Pharma's bankruptcy and proposed federal legislation that could limit the use of bankruptcy protection by financially healthy companies like J&J.

Global Bankruptcy Landscape: A Broader Scenario

Bankruptcy filings across the globe have seen significant fluctuations, particularly post-pandemic, with businesses and individuals facing economic pressures. Large corporations in sectors like retail, real estate, and healthcare have turned to bankruptcy to restructure their debts, notably under Chapter 11 in the U.S., which allows for a reorganization plan while continuing operations.

In Europe, the aftermath of COVID-19 saw a surge in bankruptcies, especially in small to medium enterprises (SMEs). Countries like Italy and Spain, which heavily rely on tourism and services, were particularly hit. New reforms in bankruptcy laws in these regions have focused on restructuring to preserve jobs rather than liquidation. In China, rising debt in real estate and technology sectors has led to several high-profile bankruptcies, triggering government intervention to stabilize these sectors.

The ongoing global economic uncertainties, driven by inflation, rising interest rates, and geopolitical tensions, continue to challenge both small businesses and large corporations alike. Johnson & Johnson's case is an example of how corporations leverage legal strategies in bankruptcy to address large-scale liabilities, but the broader trend shows bankruptcy as a crucial financial tool globally for navigating economic crises.

As we move forward, bankruptcy filings are expected to remain significant worldwide, driven by industry-specific downturns and broader economic pressures.

Tupperware, the iconic brand known for its plastic food storage containers, has officially filed for bankruptcy, marking a significant chapter in its storied 77-year history. The company cited a shift in consumer behavior, with a move away from direct sales—a model that has long been its backbone—as the primary reason for its financial difficulties.

Once a household name, Tupperware gained popularity in the mid-20^th century through its renowned ‘Tupperware parties,’ a pioneering sales strategy that relied on home demonstrations by independent sellers. However, more than a quarter-century later, this direct-selling model, which still constitutes the majority of Tupperware’s sales, has been hit hard by changes in the way consumers shop. The rise of online shopping and shifting preferences toward convenience have weakened the appeal of in-person sales, placing significant pressure on the company’s business.

Photographs taken on September 18, 2024, in Dearborn, Michigan, show shelves lined with Tupperware boxes for sale, highlighting the enduring presence of the brand in retail spaces, even as its direct sales operations struggle. 

The filing follows a period of financial instability for the company, with declining sales and mounting debts. Efforts to modernize the business by expanding into retail and online markets have not been sufficient to offset the losses from its traditional sales model.

Tupperware’s bankruptcy underscores the challenges faced by legacy brands in adapting to a rapidly evolving consumer landscape. Despite attempts to reinvent itself, the company has struggled to compete with the flexibility and reach of digital-first businesses. 

Tupperware’s future remains uncertain as it navigates the bankruptcy process, but for many, the brand will continue to evoke memories of a bygone era, when its products—and the social gatherings they spurred—were a staple of American homes.

Dubai's real estate market has been marked by rapid growth and substantial foreign investment. To address this, Dubai Law No. 13/2008 on the Interim Real Estate Register, as amended by Dubai Law No. 9/2009, Dubai Law No. 19/2017, and Dubai Law No. 19/2020 (the "Law"), establishes key safeguards to protect both developers and buyers, particularly in off-plan property transactions. The Law provides a comprehensive legal framework for the registration and regulation of off-plan sales, promoting transparency and accountability. This article examines the Law’s critical provisions, amendments, and their practical impact on Dubai's real estate sector.

Understanding the Interim Real Estate Register

Under Article 3 of the Law, all transactions related to off-plan real estate units must be registered in the Interim Real Estate Register before they can be legally recognized. This register, maintained by the Dubai Land Department (DLD), documents all off-plan sales and related legal actions, ensuring that both developers and buyers are protected until the property is completed and transferred to the Real Estate Register. The law clearly states that any sale or other legal actions concerning off-plan units are void if not recorded in the Interim Real Estate Register. This measure prevents fraudulent or unauthorized sales and ensures that the legal interests of all parties are safeguarded.

Key Developer Obligations

Before selling off-plan properties, developers must meet certain requirements outlined in Article 4 of the Law. These include receiving ownership of the land and obtaining necessary approvals from relevant authorities. Developers must also ensure that all off-plan real estate units are properly registered before any sales or legal actions, such as mortgages, can be conducted, as mandated by Article 6 of the Law. Additionally, if a developer wishes to engage a real estate broker to market the project, Article 9 of the Law requires that the developer first enter into a formal contract with the broker in compliance with Dubai Regulation No. 85/2006, which governs the registration of real estate brokers.

Re-Sale of Off-Plan Properties

Re-selling off-plan properties follows a structured process to ensure transparency and legality: Buyers and sellers must first apply for a No Objection Certificate (NOC) from the developer. The transaction is registered under the Oqood Management System, a platform developed by the DLD in conjunction with the Real Estate Regulatory Authority (RERA). The developer enters the buyer’s details into the system, and once the buyer pays the Oqood fees (4% of the property’s original price), a Certificate of Registration is issued. Upon completion of the property, and once the buyer has fulfilled all payment obligations, the property is transferred to the Real Estate Register in the buyer’s name. This process ensures that off-plan transactions are tracked from inception to completion, minimizing disputes and legal ambiguities.

Developer and Buyer Rights and Obligations

Developers and buyers both have clearly defined rights and obligations under Dubai Law No. 13/2008: Buyers are required to pay the purchase price, registration fees, and any costs associated with title deeds or NOC fees, unless otherwise agreed. Developers, while having no statutory obligations beyond registration, must comply with contractual commitments, especially regarding delivery timelines and accurate representations of the property. In case of disputes, Article 11 of the law provides a mechanism for developers to notify the DLD if a buyer defaults on their contractual obligations. Depending on the completion status of the project, developers can take various actions, such as requesting the DLD to auction the property or rescinding the sale and retaining a percentage of the unit's value.

Legal Remedies for Disputes

The law provides several remedies for both resale and off-plan transactions. With regard to resale properties: Under Article 272 of Federal Law No. 5/1985, either party may terminate the contract if the other fails to fulfill their obligations. If termination occurs, the parties must restore what they have received, or compensation is awarded under Article 274 if restitution is not possible. In the case of off-plan properties, the Dubai Law No. 19/2017 amends Article 11 of the Law to allow developers to rescind the contract and deregister the sale in case of non-payment by the buyer, without needing to approach the courts. However, buyers can challenge such deregistration.

Conclusion

Dubai Law No. 13/2008 and its amendments establish a comprehensive legal framework for managing off-plan property sales in Dubai. By ensuring that all transactions are properly recorded in the Interim Real Estate Register, the law protects both developers and buyers from fraudulent dealings and legal uncertainties. The amendments introduced in subsequent years have strengthened the protections for investors while providing developers with clear guidelines for enforcing contractual obligations. As Dubai’s real estate market continues to grow, the legal safeguards established by this law will play a crucial role in maintaining investor confidence and market stability.

As the world grapples with the consequences of climate change, the concept of "ecocide"—acts that destroy ecosystems—is gaining traction as a potential international crime, akin to genocide or war crimes. Countries like Vanuatu, Fiji, and Samoa, particularly vulnerable to environmental degradation, have formally requested the International Criminal Court (ICC) to recognize ecocide as an international crime. This move could pave the way for prosecuting company leaders or even nations that knowingly contribute to environmental destruction.

However, the largest polluters, including China, Russia, India, and the United States, are not ICC members, which may challenge the effectiveness of any rulings. Despite this, proponents believe that criminalizing ecocide would create powerful deterrents, influencing policymakers to adopt stricter environmental protections. Jojo Mehta, co-founder of Stop Ecocide International, highlights that criminal law establishes both moral and legal boundaries, making extreme environmental harm unacceptable.

What is Ecocide?

The term ecocide was coined in the 1970s by Arthur Galston, a Yale University biologist, who campaigned against the use of the herbicide Agent Orange during the Vietnam War due to its devastating environmental and health impacts. Today, ecocide is being defined as “unlawful or wanton acts committed with knowledge that there is a substantial likelihood of severe, widespread, or long-term damage to the environment.” Examples include oil spills, deforestation, and the emission of large quantities of greenhouse gases by fossil fuel companies.

Ecocide in the UAE and GCC Context

For countries in the UAE and the GCC, which have experienced rapid industrialization and development, this debate could have significant implications. These nations are major oil producers, with economic models historically reliant on fossil fuel exports. At the same time, the region has seen increasing vulnerability to climate change, such as rising temperatures, water scarcity, and extreme weather events.

The UAE, in particular, has made significant strides in environmental sustainability. The UAE Net Zero by 2050 Strategic Initiative demonstrates the country’s commitment to reducing its carbon footprint, emphasizing renewable energy, sustainable city planning, and innovative technologies. Expo 2020 Dubai showcased these efforts on a global stage, reinforcing the UAE’s focus on a green economy.

However, the prospect of ecocide becoming an international crime could introduce legal and financial risks for companies in the region. For instance, oil spills or environmental damage from industrial projects might expose businesses to prosecution if ecocide were criminalized globally. This would put additional pressure on companies to adopt more sustainable practices and comply with evolving international regulations.

Ecocide as a Legal Framework for the GCC

In the GCC, where countries like Saudi Arabia, Qatar, and the UAE are transitioning to more diversified economies, the legal recognition of ecocide might act as a catalyst for accelerating green initiatives. While these nations are not currently part of the ICC, introducing ecocide into international law could create new legal frameworks that might encourage or require regional collaboration on environmental protections.

From a legal perspective, the GCC countries would need to consider the impact on their industrial sectors, particularly oil and gas, construction, and tourism, which can have significant environmental footprints. Legal scholars argue that aligning national laws with international standards on environmental crimes may become essential for GCC nations as they seek to balance economic growth with sustainable development.

The Push for Accountability

For the low-lying island nations, the fight against ecocide is about survival. These nations, including Vanuatu and Fiji, are facing rising sea levels and increasingly destructive storms due to climate change. For them, criminalizing ecocide offers the potential for justice and deterring further environmental damage.

In the GCC, where climate change is also being felt, although in different forms, the push for accountability could resonate. Water scarcity, desertification, and the increasing frequency of extreme weather events are real concerns. Legal recognition of environmental harm could help address these issues while ensuring that industries contribute to sustainability rather than environmental degradation.

Conclusion

The proposal to classify ecocide as an international crime signals a global shift toward holding individuals and nations accountable for environmental harm. For the UAE and GCC countries, this could mean increased international pressure to align with environmental protections, further supporting their sustainability goals. While the road to making ecocide an international crime may be long, it underscores the growing importance of protecting the environment in the face of climate change—a challenge that transcends borders and demands global cooperation

The Central Bank of the UAE (CBUAE) has imposed a Dh5 million fine on an unnamed bank for breaching anti-money laundering (AML) regulations and for financing illegal organizations. The penalty was issued in accordance with Articles 89 and 137 of Federal Decree Law No. (14) of 2018, which governs the Central Bank’s role and the regulation of financial institutions, as well as Article 14 of Federal Decree Law No. (20) of 2018 on Anti-Money Laundering and Combating the Financing of Terrorism and Illegal Organizations.

The bank, which has not been publicly identified, was also ordered to report the CBUAE’s actions to its board of directors at its overseas headquarters. This directive reinforces the CBUAE’s commitment to ensuring that banking institutions operating in the UAE comply with the nation’s regulatory framework.

From a legal perspective, the imposition of this penalty highlights the rigorous standards set by UAE authorities to combat money laundering and terrorist financing. The Federal Decree Law No. (20) of 2018 sets out stringent guidelines for financial institutions, emphasizing their obligation to implement robust due diligence procedures, monitor suspicious activities, and report them to the relevant authorities. Failure to adhere to these regulations can lead to severe sanctions, as seen in this case.

The UAE’s legal framework surrounding AML is designed to uphold the integrity of the financial system and maintain the country’s international reputation as a transparent and secure financial hub. Financial institutions must follow strict compliance measures, including Know Your Customer (KYC) protocols, continuous monitoring of transactions, and thorough reporting mechanisms. Any failure to meet these obligations not only attracts financial penalties but can also result in reputational damage and further legal consequences for the institutions involved.

The CBUAE’s supervisory and regulatory mandates are intended to ensure that all banks, along with their owners and employees, fully comply with these legal standards to safeguard the transparency and integrity of the UAE’s banking sector.

The International Charity Organisation (ICO) announces 'Correction of the Status of Violators' initiative to support illegal residents, with 600 applications to be processed in the first phase.

In a move to support individuals seeking legal residency in the UAE, the Ajman-based International Charity Organisation (ICO) has launched a significant initiative titled the ‘Correction of the Status of Violators’. The initiative, valued at Dh3 million, aims to assist those benefiting from the ongoing amnesty program for illegal residents by facilitating the completion of residency visa procedures. The amnesty offers individuals an opportunity to regularize their legal status in the UAE without facing penalties for past residency violations.

Key Aspects of the Initiative

The ICO's 'Correction of the Status of Violators' initiative is designed to provide financial support to amnesty seekers, covering the costs involved in obtaining legal residency visas. This move highlights the UAE's ongoing efforts to address issues faced by residents who have overstayed or violated the terms of their visas, allowing them to integrate back into society lawfully.

In the first phase of the initiative, the ICO will accept 600 applications from individuals who meet the program’s criteria. The applications will be processed under the guidelines set forth by the UAE's amnesty campaign, which focuses on exempting individuals from accrued fines and penalties associated with residency violations.

The Two-Month Amnesty Program

The two-month amnesty was launched by the Federal Authority for Identity and Citizenship, Customs and Ports Security (ICP) on September 1, 2024. During this period, applicants have two options: they can either amend their status to remain in the UAE legally by obtaining a valid visa, or they can choose to exit the country without incurring fines or penalties for overstaying. This temporary window offers significant relief for those who have violated residency laws, encouraging them to come forward without the fear of legal or financial repercussions.

Legal Framework of the Amnesty Program

The UAE’s amnesty program has been a vital component of its immigration policy, aiming to regulate the status of individuals who are in violation of residency laws. By offering exemptions from fines and penalties, the program encourages illegal residents to rectify their legal status. This reflects the UAE’s commitment to supporting expatriates and ensuring their rights within a lawful framework.

Under the Federal Residency Law, individuals who overstay their visa are typically subject to daily fines. However, during the amnesty period, these penalties are waived, offering violators a clear and accessible path to legal residency. The launch of the Dh3 million fund serves to support these individuals, covering necessary expenses such as application fees, documentation, and other procedural costs.

ICO’s Role in Supporting National Campaigns

Dr. Khalid Al Khaja, Secretary-General of the ICO, emphasized the organization's commitment to supporting national humanitarian campaigns, including the ongoing amnesty initiative. He explained that the 'Correction of the Status of Violators' aligns with the ICO’s broader mission to assist vulnerable communities and provide them with the resources they need to achieve stability.

The focus of this initiative is not only on regularizing residency status but also on promoting long-term social and economic stability for amnesty seekers and their families. By facilitating the legal residency process, the initiative helps individuals secure lawful employment, access social services, and fully integrate into the UAE’s community.

Legal Benefits and Broader Implications

From a legal perspective, the initiative provides critical relief to individuals facing financial difficulties related to their residency status. It enables them to resolve legal uncertainties surrounding their residency and avoid future complications. Regularizing residency status also opens up opportunities for lawful employment, healthcare access, and other government services, ensuring stability for individuals and their families.

The initiative demonstrates the UAE’s proactive approach in addressing immigration challenges while balancing national security with humanitarian considerations. The government’s consistent efforts to provide amnesty, coupled with financial support from organizations like the ICO, reflect a comprehensive strategy to manage immigration in a fair and just manner.

Conclusion

The ICO’s 'Correction of the Status of Violators' initiative, backed by Dh3 million in funding, offers much-needed assistance to individuals participating in the UAE’s amnesty program. By covering the costs associated with securing legal residency visas, the initiative helps individuals resolve their immigration issues and contributes to their long-term well-being. This initiative plays a crucial role in ensuring the success of the UAE’s national amnesty campaign, while also highlighting the importance of legal frameworks in fostering stability for all residents.

The two-month amnesty program, launched by the Federal Authority for Identity and Citizenship, Customs and Ports Security, provides a vital opportunity for illegal residents to rectify their status, whether through obtaining valid visas or exiting the UAE without penalties. This initiative not only represents a significant legal development but also sets a precedent for how government and charitable organizations can work together to offer a stable, lawful future for all residents.

In the UAE, creditors, including banks, have the legal right to file lawsuits against companies facing financial difficulties to recover outstanding debts. In a limited liability company (LLC), partners’ liability is generally limited to their capital contribution. However, a bank may sue the company and its partners if personal guarantees were provided by the partners, which can lead to personal assets being at risk.

When an LLC is sued, the ruling and subsequent execution would typically target the company’s assets rather than the personal assets of the partners. However, if any partner has signed personal guarantees or taken loans on behalf of the company, they could be held personally liable, and their own assets could be subject to legal action. It is essential to review the terms of the agreements with creditors to understand the extent of personal liability.

If a partner decides to leave the company, it does not automatically exempt them from legal claims that arose during their tenure as a partner. The partner remains liable for debts and obligations incurred while they were a part of the company, even if they exit before legal proceedings conclude. Thus, departing a company in financial distress does not necessarily protect a partner from being involved in ongoing or future lawsuits related to prior obligations.

This legal framework underscores the importance of thoroughly reviewing partnership agreements and any personal guarantees given to creditors. For those facing legal action from creditors, it is strongly recommended to consult with a legal expert to assess the extent of liability and explore possible defenses or negotiations with the creditors.

In summary, partners of an LLC in the UAE are generally protected from personal liability unless personal guarantees are involved. However, leaving the company does not spare a partner from obligations incurred while they were involved. For any legal complexities, seeking professional legal advice is crucial to protect personal and business interests.

Introduction

Motor insurance is a critical aspect of vehicle ownership in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). It not only provides financial protection in the event of an accident but also ensures compliance with legal requirements. This article explores the various types of motor insurance available in the UAE, their benefits, legal requirements, and key considerations for policyholders.

Types of Motor Insurance

1. Comprehensive Insurance

2. Third-Party Liability Insurance

3. Third-Party Fire and Theft Insurance

Comprehensive motor insurance is the most extensive coverage option. It includes protection against damage to the insured vehicle, third-party liability, theft, fire, and natural disasters amongst others. Additionally, it covers damage to the vehicle caused by accidents, vandalism, and other unforeseen events. Comprehensive policies often include added benefits such as roadside assistance and rental car coverage.

Third-party liability insurance is the minimum legal requirement for vehicle owners in the UAE. It covers damages caused to other vehicles, property, or individuals in the event of an accident where the insured is at fault. This type of insurance is crucial for compliance with UAE traffic laws and provides essential protection against legal and financial liabilities.

This type of insurance combines third-party liability coverage with protection against fire and theft of the insured vehicle. While it does not cover damages from accidents, it offers financial protection in the event of a fire or theft. This is a more affordable option compared to comprehensive insurance but provides less coverage.

Legal Requirements

Under the UAE law, all vehicle owners are required to have at least third-party liability insurance. This ensures that all road users are financially protected in case of accidents involving other parties. Comprehensive insurance, while not mandatory, is highly recommended due to its extensive coverage and added benefits.

Benefits of Motor Insurance

1. Financial Protection

2. Legal Compliance

3. Peace of Mind

Motor insurance provides financial protection against the costs associated with vehicle damage, repairs, and third-party claims. Comprehensive insurance, in particular, offers broad coverage, reducing the financial burden on the policyholder in various scenarios.

Adhering to the legal requirement of having at least third-party liability insurance ensures compliance with the UAE traffic laws. Failure to maintain proper insurance can result in fines, penalties, and legal consequences.

Having adequate motor insurance offers peace of mind, knowing that you are protected against unforeseen events and financial liabilities. It also provides support in managing the stress and complications that arise from accidents or damages.

Key Considerations for Policyholders

1. Coverage Limits and Exclusions

2. Premium Costs

3. Claims Process

Policyholders should carefully review the coverage limits and exclusions of their insurance policy. Understanding what is covered and what is not will help in making informed decisions and avoiding surprises during claims.

The cost of motor insurance premiums can vary based on factors such as the type of coverage, the vehicle's make and model, and the policyholder's driving history. Comparing quotes from different insurers or seeking opinion from an insurance brokers can help in finding the best value for coverage.

Familiarizing oneself with the claims process is essential for efficient handling of any incidents. Ensuring that all necessary documentation is available and understanding the procedures will facilitate a smoother claims experience.

Conclusion

Motor insurance is a vital component of vehicle ownership in the UAE, offering both legal compliance and financial protection. Whether opting for comprehensive coverage or third-party liability insurance, policyholders should carefully assess their needs and select a policy that best suits their requirements. By staying informed about the types of coverage, legal obligations, and key considerations, vehicle owners can ensure a secure and compliant driving experience in the UAE.

Businesses aiming to expand in the UAE frequently turn to local commercial agents for their expertise in business operations and networks within the country. In line with efforts to foster international business, the UAE government has introduced a new Federal Commercial Agency Code, which brings extensive reforms compared to the previous law governing commercial agencies.
Who Can Act as a Commercial Agent Under the New Law?
Under Article 2(1) of the new Commercial Agency Code, only UAE nationals or entities fully owned by UAE nationals are permitted to act as commercial agents. These include:
- A natural UAE national
- A public legal entity
- A private legal entity owned by public legal entities
- A private legal entity fully owned by UAE nationals
The Council of Ministers may also allow international companies not owned by UAE nationals to act as commercial agents for their own products, but only if they meet specific conditions:
1. The company does not have an existing commercial agent in the UAE.
2. The company is new to the commercial agency market in the UAE.
3. The company adheres to the limits and conditions set by the Council of Ministers.
Additionally, public joint-stock companies established in the UAE with at least 51% of their capital held by UAE nationals are also eligible to engage in commercial agency activities, as outlined in Article 2(3) and (4) of the Code.
Has the Contract Term for Commercial Agencies Changed?
Yes, the new law brings updates to contract terms. Article 6 states that if the agency agreement requires the agent to establish facilities such as display buildings, storage spaces, or repair centers, the minimum contract term must be five years. Otherwise, the term will depend on the agreement between the parties.
Changes to Termination of Commercial Agency Contracts
The new law significantly expands the grounds for terminating an agency contract. According to Article 9, contracts can now be terminated under several conditions, including:
- Expiration of the agreed term, unless renewed.
- Termination by either the principal or agent as per the contract’s terms.
- Mutual agreement to terminate before the contract ends.
- A final court decision.
- Other provisions mentioned in the law.

This marks a shift from the old law, which only allowed termination in cases of "material breach."
Can Agents Claim Compensation After Contract Termination?
Article 11 addresses compensation claims when an agency contract is terminated. If the contract ends and is not renewed, the agent may seek compensation from the principal for any losses incurred. The agent must demonstrate that their efforts led to the principal's success, and the termination deprived them of potential profits.
This provision is subject to any prior agreements between the parties regarding termination and compensation.
Application of the New Law to Existing Commercial Agencies
For agency contracts that were in effect before the new law came into force, the provisions for termination under Article 9(a) and (b) will not apply for the first two years after the law’s implementation. However, this grace period extends to 10 years for agents who have maintained their status for over a decade or whose investments exceed AED 100 million.
Dispute Resolution and Arbitration
The newly formed Commercial Agencies Committee, as established under Article 23, is the primary body responsible for resolving disputes between the principal and the agent. However, parties are not precluded from seeking arbitration if previously agreed upon. Furthermore, any decision made by the Committee can be referred to arbitration under Article 26 of the new law.
Conclusion
The new Federal Commercial Agency Code introduces significant updates regarding the roles, responsibilities, and protections of both principals and agents. It allows for more flexible termination terms, offers clearer avenues for compensation, and provides multiple options for dispute resolution. These reforms aim to strike a balance between promoting international business growth and protecting the interests of local agents.

In today's world, technology has seamlessly integrated into daily life, improving the quality of living and offering indispensable tools such as smartphones and computers. However, the widespread use of these tools, particularly in capturing photos and sharing information, can sometimes result in legal risks if misused. In the UAE, Federal Decree-Law No. 34 of 2021 on Countering Rumours and Cybercrimes provides clear guidelines on these risks, focusing heavily on privacy violations.

Photography, although often seen as a benign and permissible activity, is strictly regulated when it infringes on an individual's privacy or personal life. Article 44 of this law sets forth stringent penalties for those who misuse technology to invade privacy. These include prison sentences of no less than six months and fines ranging from AED 150,000 to AED 500,000. Specific prohibited actions include:

1. Recording or sharing private conversations or communications without consent: This includes eavesdropping, intercepting, or disclosing private discussions or audio-visual material.

2. Taking unauthorized photographs: Whether in public or private spaces, capturing, distributing, or retaining images of individuals without their permission is unlawful.

3. Publishing any electronic content aimed at harming another's reputation: Even if the content is factual, if the intent is to damage a person’s reputation, it can lead to legal consequences.

4. Photographing victims of accidents or disasters without authorization: Sharing such sensitive content without permission is a violation of privacy.

5. Tracking or disclosing someone's location: Revealing or retaining location data without consent also falls under prohibited activities.

Furthermore, the law also punishes those who alter or manipulate recordings, images, or videos to harm or defame others. In such cases, the penalties are harsher, with imprisonment for at least one year and fines between AED 250,000 and AED 500,000.

For a crime to be established under this law, it must be proven that the perpetrator intended to harm someone’s reputation or invade their privacy using an information network or technology. However, if the individual is acting in good faith, such as reporting a crime or documenting unlawful behaviour, the criminal intent may be negated.

Conclusion

In the UAE, the legal framework around privacy violations through technology is stringent and comprehensive. Federal Decree-Law No. 34 of 2021 clearly outlines penalties for misuse of technology, including photography and sharing of personal data. With privacy increasingly under the spotlight, it is essential to navigate these laws carefully to avoid legal repercussions.

Debt recovery in the UAE involves navigating a structured legal process, designed to balance the rights of both creditors and debtors while ensuring compliance with the country’s regulatory framework. With the UAE's growing economy and diverse business landscape, the need for effective debt collection mechanisms has become critical for maintaining financial stability. Understanding the debt recovery process in the UAE is essential for both creditors seeking to recover outstanding amounts and debtors looking to protect their rights.

Legal Framework Governing Debt Recovery in the UAE

The UAE’s debt recovery process is governed by several key laws, primarily falling under Federal Law No. 18 of 1993 (Commercial Transactions Law) and the Civil Procedures Law. These laws ensure that debt collection practices are transparent, fair, and compliant with international standards.

The Commercial Transactions Law outlines the rights and obligations of parties in commercial contracts, including debtors and creditors. It specifies the legal procedures creditors must follow to recover outstanding debts, which include serving formal notice, engaging in negotiations, and, if necessary, initiating court proceedings. The Civil Procedures Law, on the other hand, regulates how court cases are conducted, from filing a claim to enforcement.

Current Challenges in Debt Recovery

Both creditors and debtors face significant challenges in the debt recovery process in the UAE. For creditors, one of the biggest hurdles is dealing with uncooperative debtors who may delay payments, dispute the amount owed, or simply be difficult to locate. Legal proceedings can be lengthy and complicated, especially when a debtor tries to evade legal action by transferring assets or hiding financial information.

On the other hand, debtors are protected by UAE laws against unfair practices, such as harassment or excessive pressure from debt collectors. Creditors are required to comply with Central Bank regulations on debt collection, which prohibit unethical behaviour, including constant phone calls or unauthorized visits.

A major issue for debt recovery in the UAE is the cross-border nature of many financial transactions. Given the international character of Dubai and Abu Dhabi, where many expatriates reside, cases often involve foreign debtors, complicating the enforcement of judgments. While the UAE has treaties with several countries for mutual enforcement of court rulings, it can still be difficult to recover debts from individuals or companies based abroad.

The Role of Legal Professionals in Debt Recovery

The involvement of legal professionals and specialized agencies is crucial in debt recovery cases. Lawyers well-versed in the UAE legal system can assist creditors in filing cases, enforcing court rulings, and negotiating settlements. They play a key role in drafting debt agreements that include provisions for legal recourse in case of non-payment, which can be a preventive measure against future disputes.

In cases where legal action becomes inevitable, debt recovery lawyers can help navigate the complexities of the UAE court system, from initiating proceedings to obtaining enforcement orders. The UAE courts also allow creditors to file for provisional attachment orders, freezing a debtor’s assets before a judgment is passed, to prevent them from moving assets out of reach.

Strategies for Effective Debt Recovery

Given the complexities of debt recovery, it is advisable for creditors to adopt a proactive approach, which can include:

1. Negotiation and Settlement: Engaging with debtors through structured negotiations to reach a mutually agreeable settlement. This can help avoid lengthy court procedures and preserve business relationships.   

2. Legal Recourse: Filing a case in the UAE courts when negotiations fail. Creditors can seek summary judgments, especially in cases where the debt is not contested, to speed up the process.

3. Third-Party Debt Collectors: Engaging licensed debt collection agencies in the UAE, which operate under strict regulations, to manage the collection process on behalf of creditors.

Legal Opinion and Current Scenario

The debt recovery landscape in the UAE has become more structured and efficient in recent years, particularly with the introduction of new bankruptcy laws and improved mechanisms for enforcement. The Bankruptcy Law (Federal Law No. 9 of 2016) has provided companies with a legal framework to restructure debts and avoid liquidation, thus offering more clarity to creditors on how to proceed with debt recovery from distressed companies.

Additionally, the Dubai International Financial Centre (DIFC) courts have become a preferred venue for international debt recovery cases, as they offer faster resolution and are familiar with handling cross-border disputes. With the UAE’s focus on becoming a business-friendly destination, debt recovery laws will likely continue evolving to provide better protection for creditors while ensuring that debtors are treated fairly.

However, challenges remain, particularly regarding enforcement. While the UAE’s legal system allows for the seizure of assets and freezing of bank accounts, the actual execution of judgments can be delayed due to procedural backlogs or non-cooperation from debtors. The use of alternative dispute resolution (ADR) methods, such as mediation, is increasingly being encouraged to resolve disputes more efficiently.

In conclusion, debt recovery in the UAE is a process that requires careful legal navigation, especially in today’s complex economic environment. With the right legal guidance and a clear understanding of local regulations, creditors can recover debts effectively while ensuring compliance with UAE laws. However, it is essential to stay updated on changes in the legal landscape to ensure a smooth debt recovery process.

If you’ve encountered issues such as receiving a defective product or being charged full price despite an advertised discount, you can file a consumer complaint with the Department of Economy and Tourism (DET) in Dubai. Under Federal Decree No. 5 of 2023, consumers are protected against such practices and can seek compensation for damages caused by faulty goods or services. Suppliers are required to offer repairs, replacements, or refunds for defective products and must display accurate prices while avoiding misleading advertising.

Violations of the consumer protection law can result in fines up to Dh2 million and up to two years in prison, according to the updated law effective from October 2023.

Here’s how you can file a complaint:

Steps to Submit a Complaint:

1. Visit the Consumer Rights Website: Navigate to the official portal. 

2. Access the Complaint Section: Click the menu icon (three stacked lines) on the left side of the page and select 'consumer complaints (C2B)' under 'Submit Complaint.'

3. Read the Guidelines: Review the provided information to understand who can file complaints, against which companies complaints are accepted, and what documents are needed.

4. Enter Personal Details: Provide your name, mobile number, email, and nationality.

5. Submit Complaint Information: Enter details about the company, commercial sector, type of complaint, and the issue at hand. Attach any supporting documents such as receipts or product images.

6. Agree to Terms and Submit: After reading the terms and conditions, submit the complaint.

7. Receive a Reference Number: A complaint reference number will be provided on the website and sent to your email and phone. You can use this number to track the status of your complaint.

By following these steps, consumers can ensure their rights are protected and hold suppliers accountable for any misconduct.

The Dubai International Financial Centre (DIFC) introduced changes to its Prescribed Company (PC) framework through the revised Prescribed Companies Regulations 2024. These updates simplify and broaden the eligibility for establishing a PC, making it easier for businesses and individuals to hold or manage real estate and other GCC-registered assets.

The updated regulations allow any entity seeking to hold or control assets that require registration with a GCC authority—such as property or property interests—to form a PC. This ensures legal ownership, protection of rights, and public notice of the asset.

To support this transition, the DIFC has provided a six-month grace period for setting up a PC before acquiring real estate. This period begins at the PC's formation and ends once the shareholders submit proof of asset acquisition to the DIFC. The process is designed for simplicity, allowing PCs to be established quickly with a DIFC-registered address provided by a licensed Corporate Service Provider (CSP).

While foundations and trusts have traditionally been used to hold real estate in the UAE, the new PC regime offers a more flexible and efficient option for managing property assets across the GCC. PCs benefit from DIFC’s common law structure, low fees, streamlined registration, and the ability to use a licensed CSP as their registered office within the DIFC.

Saudi Arabia is set to implement significant changes to its Labour Law, with amendments approved by the Saudi Council of Ministers that will come into effect in February 2025. These reforms are part of the Kingdom's broader efforts under Saudi Vision 2030 to enhance job stability, protect employee rights, and clearly define employer obligations.

The amendments involve updates to 38 articles, the removal of seven, and the introduction of two new provisions, reflecting a comprehensive review of global best practices and feedback from over 1,300 stakeholders. The key changes include:

• Wages and Compensation: Adjustments have been made to wage structures and compensation regulations.
• Resignation and Termination: The amendments introduce clearer guidelines for resignation procedures and termination rights, including new definitions for “resignation” and “assignment.”
• Probation Periods: Rules surrounding probation periods have been clarified and updated.
• Leave Entitlements: Maternity leave has been extended to 12 weeks, and new paid leave options have been introduced, including leave for the death of a sibling and as compensation for overtime work.
• Employee Training: Employers are now required to implement training and qualification policies to enhance skills and improve performance.
• Grievance Procedures: The process for workers to file grievances has been revised, offering clearer pathways for addressing workplace issues.
• Penalties: New penalties have been established for unlicensed recruitment activities.

These changes are designed to create a more attractive and equitable work environment in Saudi Arabia, aligning with the Kingdom's sustainable development goals and labour market strategy. The new amendments aim to boost the labour market, promote the development of human capital, and increase job opportunities for Saudi nationals.

The updated regulations will take effect 180 days after their publication in the Official Gazette. For more information, visit the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Development’s website.

In recent months, the AI industry has been under scrutiny, especially with advancements in artificial intelligence capabilities that utilize large language models. One of the notable players in this field, OpenAI, has found itself at the center of a legal storm, facing allegations of copyright infringement from prominent authors. These authors, including Pulitzer Prize winners and other bestselling writers, claim that OpenAI's models, like ChatGPT, have been trained on their copyrighted works without proper authorization or compensation. However, OpenAI has firmly denied these allegations, arguing that its practices comply with fair use principles and are integral to the technological innovation that drives the AI industry forward.

Background of the Allegations

If you're contemplating divorce in the UAE and need to address living arrangements and financial responsibilities before finalizing the process, it's essential to understand the legal framework and options available to you.

Creating a Legal Agreement

Before initiating divorce proceedings, you and your spouse can draft a legal agreement outlining how to manage shared expenses and living arrangements. This contract can include details on how you will handle rent, utilities, and other costs associated with your current residence.

According to UAE law, specifically Article 129 of Federal Law No. (5) of 1985 (Concerning the Issuance of the Civil Transactions Law), for a contract to be valid, it must meet certain criteria:

Mutual agreement on essential elements.

A clear and permissible subject matter.

A lawful purpose for the obligations outlined.

Additionally, Article 126 of the UAE Civil Transactions Law provides that a contract may pertain to various subjects, including property and services, as long as they are not prohibited by law or public morals.

Drafting the Agreement

In drafting this agreement, both parties should agree on the terms concerning future expenses and responsibilities. This contract will be crucial in clarifying each party's financial obligations and arrangements after the divorce.

Filing for Divorce

Once you and your spouse have agreed on the terms and signed the agreement, you can proceed with filing for a mutual consent divorce at the Personal Status Court with competent jurisdiction in the UAE. During the divorce process, you may submit this settlement agreement to the court for review.

The Personal Status Court will evaluate the agreement as part of the divorce proceedings, ensuring it aligns with the requirements set out in Federal Law No. 28 of 2005 on Personal Status. This step helps in formalizing your financial and living arrangements as part of the divorce settlement.

By taking these steps, you can effectively manage the division of living expenses and ensure a smoother transition during the divorce process.

Income tax has been a hot topic among Indians, particularly the 'Middle Class,' ever since the Union Budget was unveiled in July.

A total of 107,329 establishments were found to be non-compliant with various provisions of the Labour Law during inspections conducted by officials from the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Development.

Since the start of 2024 up to mid-July, the ministry’s teams have inspected over 700,200 private sector firms across the Kingdom.

This initiative forms part of the Ministry’s continued efforts to regulate and monitor the labour market, ensuring compliance with Labour Law regulations, according to the Saudi Press Agency.

Violations included issues related to salary payments and Saudisation. Specifically, 59,891 employers were found to have failed to increase wages as mandated by the ministry, while 16,295 cases involved employees who had not received their salaries.

Additionally, there were 7,662 instances of foreigners being employed in roles reserved exclusively for Saudi nationals.

The Ministry has issued 88,776 warnings to establishments in breach of the law. Efforts have been intensified to ensure compliance with job localisation decisions during visits to 522,092 establishments.

These visits resulted in 9,712 job opportunities for Saudi citizens and helped achieve targeted localisation rates in several sectors.

The proportion of establishments adhering to Saudisation requirements has risen to 93.5 per cent. In collaboration with relevant authorities, the monitoring teams conducted 840 visits to petrol stations and service centres throughout the Kingdom.

The Ministry has reported that inspections are ongoing across all regions and governorates of the Kingdom. It has encouraged individuals to report any violations by calling the unified number 19911 or by using the Ministry’s smartphone application.

The UK remains a popular summer destination for UAE residents seeking respite from the intense heat.

The cooler, cloudier weather provides a refreshing contrast to the UAE's sun-drenched climate, and the relatively short flight adds to its appeal.

For UAE nationals, the ETA offers a quick, digital application process through a mobile app, with swift decision-making. However, other nationalities residing in the UAE will still need to apply for a visa. Here’s how to apply:

If you have recently applied for a Saudi visit or residence visa and wish to check the status of your application, you can easily do so through the online platform provided by the Saudi Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MoFA) – ksavisa.sa.

This platform not only allows you to track your visa application but also verifies the authenticity of your visa, especially if you applied through a third-party agent.

Steps to Follow

1 Visit ksavisa.sa: Click on the “Track Application” option at the top of the screen.

2 Enter Your Details: If you applied through a third-party agent, you should have received a visa number. Enter this visa number along with your passport number, complete the captcha, and click on “Track My Application.”

* You will then be able to scroll down and view details of your visa application, such as the application number and your name.

3 View the Status: Click on “View,” and a pop-up will inform you whether the visa has been issued, along with a reference number.

4 Check Visa Details: Close the pop-up, and you will see a copy of your visa with details such as:

* Visa number

* Date of validity and expiry

* Duration of stay allowed on the visa

According to MoFA, it typically takes around three working days for a visa to be issued after the application is submitted. However, processing times may vary in some cases.

If you're not a British citizen and are wondering whether you can own property in the UK, the answer is yes. Non-residents can buy property in the UK, regardless of their place of residence.

Many expatriates dream of owning property in the UK, whether they are investing, seeking a vacation home, or planning for future needs.

While purchasing property in the UK is generally straightforward, it can be easier if you're a cash buyer, as this avoids the complexities of obtaining a mortgage. If you need to finance your purchase with a loan, the process may be more complicated.

Let’s delve into how buying on loan might impact your property acquisition.

Loan Obstacles

While purchasing UK property is generally easy, it has not always been easy for those living overseas. Non-UK citizens often face difficulties securing loans to buy property (mortgages) in the UK due to factors such as receiving salaries in foreign currency, lacking a UK credit history, or encountering strict lending criteria from many high street lenders.

Additionally, obtaining a mortgage requires substantial paperwork, including three months of bank statements, payslips, identification, and proof of address.

For a non-UK resident expat living thousands of miles away, with no realistic way of meeting a local mortgage broker, these requirements can make the process challenging.

There have been instances where mortgage lenders were hesitant to lend to overseas borrowers due to the additional work involved.

Moreover, Banks are concerned about the risk each borrower poses and the likelihood of losing money if they approve a loan. When a customer resides in the UK, it is easier for banks to locate them or their property if necessary.

However, if the borrower lives abroad, the bank must deal with another country’s legal system, making it more challenging to resolve lending issues. For many banks, this complexity has been enough to avoid offering mortgages to expats altogether.

Changed Scenario

However, this situation has changed. Over the past decade, a growing number of UK lenders have specialised in offering mortgages and short-term finance tailored specifically for non-UK citizens buying or refinancing UK property.

These lenders have addressed some of the biggest challenges expats face, such as the inability to meet banks or brokers in person, difficulties in returning documentation to the UK, and ensuring all parties in the transaction are aligned.

The Kerala High Court has requested an unredacted version of the Justice Hema Committee Report on the working conditions of women in the film industry, to assess whether any findings warrant criminal investigation.

The Bench, led by Acting Chief Justice A. Muhamed Mustaque, has ordered the State to submit a complete, unredacted copy of the report to the Court in a sealed cover.

The Court was hearing a Public Interest Litigation (PIL) petition calling for criminal action against individuals accused of sexual offences as identified in the report, which was publicly released in a redacted form earlier this week (on August 19).

The Court expressed concerns about how to approach the matter, particularly in light of the vulnerable witnesses who provided testimony to the Committee regarding the sexual harassment and abuse they experienced.

These testimonies were recorded under assurances of confidentiality, the Court noted.
"We understand the petitioners' predicament. Should we summon the records?

The witnesses who have come forward belong to vulnerable sections of society and cannot seek help elsewhere. What do you propose we do?

If these individuals were capable of filing complaints, they would have approached the police; instead, they confided in the Committee. What can be done now to ensure their efforts are not in vain?" the Court asked.

The petition was filed by Navas A, also known as Paichira Navas. He urged the Court to direct the Director General of Police (DGP) to initiate criminal proceedings based on the findings of the Justice Hema Committee Report, arguing that the State has a duty to prosecute those who have committed cognisable offences.

The Justice K. Hema Committee was established by the Kerala government in 2017 following a petition by the 'Women in Cinema Collective' to investigate the issues faced by women in the film industry. The Committee submitted its findings to the State in 2019.

The State Information Commission (SIC) later permitted certain parties, including journalists, to access the report after redacting personal information to protect the privacy of witnesses.
The report was released on August 19, following two unsuccessful court challenges to prevent its publication.

The counsel representing Navas asserted that the information disclosed in the Justice Hema Committee Report is sufficient to justify criminal action against several perpetrators.

However, Advocate General Gopalakrishna Kurup countered that the report was compiled as a confidential study, not a judicial inquiry.

He emphasised that the identities of the victims were protected and that those wishing to file complaints could do so directly with the police or other authorities.

Kurup clarified that the Committee was primarily tasked with studying the challenges faced by women in the film industry and recommending measures to mitigate those issues.

He added that the government might consider further action based on a review of the unredacted parts of the report.

The Court noted that the government had been unable to act against the alleged perpetrators due to the absence of formal complaints but acknowledged that the report revealed instances of sexual exploitation and harassment requiring intervention.

The Court questioned whether criminal action could be initiated based on the Committee's findings if a cognisable offence is disclosed, given the broader societal impact of the allegations.

"If someone reports being sexually abused or assaulted but does not wish to disclose the details or expose the incident, what can be done? It is not merely a personal issue; it affects society at large," the Court remarked.

The Court also addressed the challenge of maintaining witness anonymity while ensuring justice is served, pointing out that some witnesses might be reluctant to come forward to prosecute the offenders.

Nevertheless, the Court admitted the PIL and directed the government to submit a statement on the matter, along with a copy of the unredacted report in a sealed cover. The case is scheduled for further hearing on September 10, 2024.

Four individuals have been sentenced to three months in prison in Dubai for their involvement in a part-time job scam, according to authorities. They deceived a victim with a fake job offer and tricked her into transferring money.

Dubai Prosecution's investigation revealed that the scammer group used WhatsApp to disseminate the fraudulent job advertisement to attract the victim.

They convinced her to send money with a promise of doubling it quickly, but failed to return any funds, the authorities reported.

Dubai's Misdemeanour Court found the group guilty of fraud, sentencing them to imprisonment followed by deportation.

The public prosecution has reiterated its caution to residents: avoid responding to unsolicited messages on your mobile phone.

“These scam messages are crafted to deceive and exploit you. Cyber scammers can easily drain your funds with their schemes and false assurances,” the authorities warned. Residents are advised to report any suspicious activity to security authorities immediately.

The Centre for Forensic and Electronic Sciences of the Abu Dhabi Judicial Department has been awarded international accreditation from the National Organisation of Forensic Physicians (NAME) for its Forensic Medicine Department.

This achievement makes the Centre the first in the Middle East and only the third globally, outside the United States, following Canada and Singapore, to receive this prestigious certification.

Counsellor Yousef Saeed Al Abri, Undersecretary of the Abu Dhabi Judicial Department, highlighted that this international accreditation represents a significant milestone for the Judicial Department.

Counsellor Al Abri noted that this remarkable achievement underscores the Centre’s leadership and excellence in providing forensic services according to the highest international standards.

It also demonstrates the Centre's commitment to staying abreast of the latest advancements in forensic examinations, thereby advancing criminal justice.

Furthermore, he stated that the Abu Dhabi Judicial Department's technical reports are now given precedence on the global stage.

He explained that the international accreditation adds to the Centre’s existing certifications in criminal and electronic evidence examinations and renews the chemical laboratory’s accreditation for a second term.

This renewal, initially granted in 2019, covers the examination of narcotics, toxins and seized items.
Counsellor Al Abri emphasised the Centre's dedication to implementing technical protocols in line with international standards and incorporating additional guidelines from NAME.

This commitment was evident in the Centre’s evaluation, which confirmed its adherence to all requirements necessary for obtaining international accreditation.

Saudi Arabia has reaffirmed its stance on protecting teachers, imposing a maximum penalty of 10 years in prison and a fine of up to SR1 million for any physical or verbal assault, whether carried out in person or through social media platforms.

Enacted in 2018, this law categorises both physical and verbal abuse of teachers as criminal offenses. The legislation was recently expanded to cover digital platforms in response to rising abuse and defamation cases targeting educators online.

This measure was introduced following a surge in violent incidents against teachers, including high-profile cases of assault both in educational settings and public spaces.

Noteworthy is a recent incident where a student physically attacked a teacher, and the altercation, captured on video, quickly spread across social media.

In 2018, a Taif high school teacher suffered injuries and bleeding after a student struck him during class. The law stipulates: “Any physical attack against ministry staff is deemed a criminal offense, resulting in imprisonment and a fine.”

Are you a psychologist from your home country looking to practise in the UAE? Or perhaps a current professional aiming to obtain a licence in another emirate?

To practise a social care profession in the UAE, you must be licensed by the relevant authority in each emirate.

This guide outlines the necessary documents, conditions and application steps for obtaining a licence in Sharjah, Dubai, and Abu Dhabi.

Sharjah

To practise a social care profession in Sharjah, you need to apply for a licence from the Sharjah Social Services Department (SSSD). Applicants must have at least two years of experience in a social care profession. Practising without a licence in Sharjah could result in a fine of Dh5,000.

Eligible Professionals

* Social workers

* Counselling psychologists

* Psychotherapists

* School psychologists

* Marital-family psychologists

* Criminal psychologists

* Behavioural analysts

* Assistant behavioural analysts

* Behavioural analyst doctors

* Occupational therapists

* Special education teachers

Steps

* Apply online via the UAE Pass or visit a customer happiness centre with your Emirates ID.

* Submit your application along with the required documents.

* The administration will forward the application to a committee within 14 days.

* The committee will issue a decision within 14 days of receiving the application.

Required Documents

* Copy of valid passport, family book, and Emirates ID for Emiratis

* Copy of valid passport, residency proof, and Emirates ID for residents

* Copy of accredited academic qualifications

* Academic transcript

* Equivalency report for degrees obtained outside the UAE

* Certificates of experience from the last two years

* Verification report of qualifications and experience from Dataflow

* Good conduct certificate issued by relevant authorities

* Additional documents may be requested by the department

Further Conditions

* The applicant must have full legal capacity and no criminal record for crimes against honour or honesty.

* Non-citizens must hold a residence permit through their current employer.

* The applicant must pass an evaluation test, and non-citizens must complete a minimum five-hour course on UAE customs, traditions and culture.

Fees

* Licence application: Free

* Evaluation test: Dh1,000

* Social profession licence fee: Dh300

* Issuance of social profession licence card: Dh100

Dubai

To practise a social care profession in Dubai, you must apply for a licence (valid for two years) from the Community Development Authority (CDA). Applicants need at least one year of experience in a social care profession.

Eligible Professionals

* Social workers

* Social counselors

* Social therapists (behavioural analysts, assistant behavioural analysts, psychologists assistant psychologists)

* Special education teachers (including learning support teachers)

Steps

PwC, one of the Big Four accounting firms, has been fined £15 million by the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) for failing to report suspected fraud at London Capital & Finance (LCF).

This is the first time the FCA has issued a financial penalty against an audit firm. The FCA stated that PwC missed several audit red flags and failed to act promptly when they suspected fraudulent activity at LCF, a defunct financial services firm.

As LCF’s auditors, PwC was responsible for verifying the company’s accounts. During the audit, PwC encountered significant issues, including inaccurate and misleading information from LCF and aggressive behaviour from a senior employee towards the auditors.

Despite these concerns and a duty to report their suspicions to the FCA, PwC signed off on the accounts. Even after being satisfied with the accuracy of LCF's 2016 accounts, PwC still had an obligation to report earlier concerns, according to the FCA.

The FCA criticised PwC for not acting immediately, stating that their failure deprived the regulator of potentially crucial information.

LCF has been described by former investors as a Ponzi scheme and was condemned by the FCA for its "unfair and misleading" promotion of minibonds.

The firm entered administration in 2019 after the FCA ordered it to cease those promotions. Thousands of investors were misled and not fully informed of the product’s risks, according to the FCA.

A Serious Fraud Office criminal investigation into LCF's collapse is ongoing.
In response to the fine, PwC stated: "We have reached a settlement with the FCA to resolve an unintentional reporting breach."

Two prominent US law firms stand to earn hundreds of millions of pounds after negotiating a $2.7 billion settlement with the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), which will allow student athletes to receive payments for the first time.

However, they must first convince a judge to approve the landmark deal and the unconventional, multi-faceted fee structure they have proposed.

The firms have until Friday to address objections from student groups regarding the July settlement, and further litigation is anticipated once they provide additional details about their fee request.

The settlement aims to resolve antitrust lawsuits concerning the NCAA's long-standing prohibitions on payments to athletes. This includes restrictions on compensation related to competing, the commercial use of players' names, images, and likenesses, and payments tied to athletes' academic achievements.

The firms leading the litigation, Hagens Berman Sobol Shapiro and Winston & Strawn, have informed US District Judge Claudia Wilken in Oakland, California, that the settlement's total value exceeds $20 billion, primarily based on the future earnings of student athletes.

The firms' share of these future payments could significantly impact their earnings, potentially adding $200 million or more to their fees.

The Fees

The plaintiffs' lawyers, led by Steve Berman of Hagens Berman and Winston's Jeffrey Kessler, have stated in court documents that they have invested over 72,000 hours into the cases since 2020.

Initially, they will request a $20 million upfront payment for their work, to be divided equally between the firms, according to Berman.

Additionally, they plan to seek up to $495.2 million, based on a percentage of the settlement funds the NCAA has agreed to pay over the next decade.

This includes 20 per cent of $1.976 billion allocated for college athletes who were previously denied compensation for the use of their names, images, and likenesses, as well as for their athletic service.

A unique aspect of their fee request is the potential for the lawyers to claim an annual percentage of the compensation that schools will now be permitted to pay student athletes, ranging from 0.75 per cent to 1.25 per cent of the NCAA schools' sporting revenues over ten years.

This pool is estimated to be worth around $20 billion over the decade, potentially leading to legal fees as high as $250 million.

Both Berman and Kessler have defended these ongoing fees as reasonable given the settlement's scale and historic significance.

"Frankly, I think it is an extremely modest request considering the case law and the value to the class," Kessler remarked. He noted that each annual fee would require court approval.

An NCAA spokesperson did not immediately respond to requests for comment on the fees. Last month, the organisation stated that the settlement offered a sustainable path to enhanced benefits for student athletes.

Regarding the fee provisions, Berman emphasised their focus on addressing the objections and securing the judge’s preliminary approval for the settlement. "My parents always taught me not to count your chickens before they hatch," Berman said in an email.

One group challenging the proposed NCAA settlement has argued that the deal favours male athletes. They also objected to the $20 million upfront fee request, describing it as a "classic 'clear sailing provision' that raises questions about what the class counsel might have conceded to secure it."

The MoloLamken attorneys who filed the objection did not immediately respond to requests for comment. Other objections claim the settlement would unfairly shield the NCAA from separate antitrust lawsuits.

Kessler dismissed the objection to the $20 million fee as "insulting," asserting it was only negotiated after all other settlement terms had been agreed upon. "We stand by our record for what we’ve done for athletes," he added.

Other Legal Fee News

The Delaware Supreme Court upheld a $267 million fee award for five law firms that secured a $1 billion settlement for Dell Technologies shareholders.

The court determined that this near-record award was not an improper windfall for the firms representing the plaintiffs: Labaton Sucharow; Quinn Emanuel Urquhart & Sullivan; Andrews & Springer; Robbins Geller Rudman & Dowd; and Friedman Oster & Tejtel.

Attorneys negotiating a proposed settlement with seafood giant StarKist, its parent Dongwon Industries and private equity firm Lion Capital have announced they will seek just over $50 million in legal fees.

This proposed fee award for the law firm Wolf Haldenstein Adler Freeman & Herz accounts for two class action settlements: Tuesday's proposed $136 million deal and a 2022 settlement with Chicken of the Sea and its parent Thai Union Group, worth $16 million.

Saudi Arabia has announced an extension of the state's coverage of fees for expatriates working in the industrial sector until December 31, 2025.

The decision was made during the weekly session of the Council of Ministers, chaired by Crown Prince and Prime Minister Mohammed bin Salman in Jeddah earlier this week.

This Cabinet decision follows the expiration of the previous five-year waiver on expatriate fees for industrial workers.

In 2019, as part of a broader initiative to boost job creation, the Saudi government introduced fees on expatriate workers to encourage the employment of Saudi nationals.

However, the government later waived these fees for expatriates in the industrial sector, effective from October 1, 2019, as part of short-term measures to stimulate industrial investment and support the objectives of Vision 2030.

At the beginning of the session, the Cabinet was briefed on a message from the President of Senegal to the Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques, King Salman, and on the meeting between the Crown Prince and the Speaker of the Arab Parliament.

During the meeting, the Speaker awarded the Crown Prince the Leader's Medal in recognition of his leadership in supporting Arab causes and fostering joint Arab action.

In a statement to the Saudi Press Agency following the session, the Minister of Human Resources and Social Development, who is also the Acting Minister of Media, Eng. Ahmed Al-Rajhi, praised the efforts and contributions of the Arab Parliament on the international stage.

The Cabinet underscored the Kingdom's commitment to enhancing cooperation with its Arab counterparts across various sectors to bolster security, stability, and sustainable development.

The Council also discussed recent regional and international developments, reaffirming the Kingdom's support for efforts to secure a ceasefire in Gaza and highlighting the importance of ending the Israeli occupation to achieve peace and restore the legitimate rights of the Palestinian people.

Domestically, the Cabinet emphasised the Kingdom's ongoing initiatives for global sustainability and environmental conservation, which include expanding royal reserves, with a strategic focus on wildlife protection, afforestation, and the promotion of ecotourism.

The Cabinet passed several resolutions, including the approval of an agreement between Saudi Arabia and Uzbekistan for the mutual exemption of short-stay visas for holders of diplomatic and special passports.

It also approved a memorandum of understanding (MoU) for cultural cooperation between the Saudi Ministry of Culture and the Chinese Ministry of Culture and Tourism, along with an MoU for collaboration between the Saudi Ministry of Justice and the Ministry of Justice of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Additional MoUs endorsed by the Cabinet include agreements on road safety, maintenance and the future of transportation between the Saudi Ministry of Transport and Logistics and the Bahraini Ministries of Works, Transportation and Telecommunications, as well as an MoU for tourism cooperation between the Saudi Tourism Authority and Switzerland Tourism.

Furthermore, the Cabinet authorised the Minister of Education, who also chairs the Board of Directors of the Technical and Vocational Training Corporation, or his deputy, to negotiate and sign a draft MoU with the Statistical, Economic and Social Research and Training Centre for Islamic Countries (SESRIC), an affiliate of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, in the field of technical and vocational training.

The Cabinet also approved a memorandum of cooperation in the areas of predicate offences, terrorism and its financing, and money laundering between the Saudi Public Prosecution and its Yemeni counterpart.

A group of visual artists can continue to pursue some claims that Stability AI, Midjourney, DeviantArt, and Runway AI's artificial intelligence-based image generation systems infringe their copyrights, a California federal judge has ruled.

US District Judge William Orrick said the artists had plausibly argued that the companies violated their rights by illegally storing their works on their systems.

Orrick also refused to dismiss related trademark-law claims, although he dismissed others accusing the companies of unjust enrichment, breach of contract and violation of a separate US copyright law.

The decision did not address the artists' core claim that the alleged misuse of their work to train AI systems directly infringes their copyrights, or the key defence that AI companies make fair use of copyrighted material.

The artists' solicitors, Joseph Saveri and Matthew Butterick, said in a statement that the decision was "a significant step forward for the case."

Illustrators Sarah Andersen, Kelly McKernan and Karla Ortiz initially sued the companies last January in one of the first of several high-stakes lawsuits against tech companies over the use of copyrighted work in AI training. Orrick dismissed many of their allegations in October but allowed them to be refiled.

Andersen, McKernan, Ortiz, and seven other artists brought an amended complaint in November. They argued that Stability's Stable Diffusion model, utilised by all of the companies, unlawfully contains "compressed copies" of their works used to train it.

Orrick said in a tentative ruling in May that he was inclined to let the copyright allegations continue. He elaborated on Monday that the companies could not dismiss the claims at an early stage of the case.

"The plausible inferences at this juncture are that Stable Diffusion, by operation by end users, creates copyright infringement and was created to facilitate that infringement by design," Orrick said.

The case is Andersen v. Stability AI, US District Court for the Northern District of California, No. 3:23-cv-00201.